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<html><head><title>Obsolete Commands (UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition)</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/style1.css" /><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Arnold Robbins" /><meta name="DC.Format" content="text/xml" scheme="MIME" /><meta name="DC.Language" content="en-US" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc." /><meta name="DC.Source" scheme="ISBN" content="1-56592-427-4" /><meta name="DC.Subject.Keyword" content="stuff" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Monograph" /></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="gifs/smbanner.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border="0" alt="Book Home" /><map name="banner-map"><area shape="rect" coords="1,-2,616,66" href="index.htm" alt="Book Title" /><area shape="rect" coords="629,-11,726,25" href="jobjects/fsearch.htm" alt="Search this book" /></map><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="appa_01.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228" /><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="appb_02.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr></table></div><h1 class="chapter">Appendix B. Obsolete Commands</h1><div class="htmltoc"><h4 class="tochead">Contents:</h4><p><a href="appb_01.htm#sect1">Introduction</a><br /><a href="appb_02.htm">Alphabetical Summary of Commands</a><br /></p></div><p>This appendix contains entries for commands that are still shipped withSVR4 and/or Solaris, but which have been superseded in their functionsby other commands or technologies. Here you will find:<a name="bobs" /><a name="bobs2" /></p><ul><li><p>Introduction</p></li><li><p>Alphabetical summary of commands</p></li></ul><div class="sect1"><a name="unut-ap-b-sect-1" /><h2 class="sect1"><a name="sect1" />B.1. Introduction</h2><p>The commands in this appendix fall into several categories.This list describes the commands and why they are obsolete.</p><dl><dt><i><em class="emphasis">Archive maintenance</em></tt></i></dt><dd><tt class="literal">lorder</tt>and<tt class="literal">tsort</tt>were used to order the placement of object files in a library archive.Modern versions of <tt class="literal">ar</tt> maintain a symbol table, allowing theloader <tt class="literal">ld</tt> to find object files as needed.</p></dd><dt><i><em class="emphasis">Communications</em></tt></i></dt><dd><tt class="literal">cu</tt>,<tt class="literal">uucp</tt>,<tt class="literal">uuglist</tt>,<tt class="literal">uulog</tt>,<tt class="literal">uuname</tt>,<tt class="literal">uupick</tt>,<tt class="literal">uustat</tt>,<tt class="literal">uuto</tt>,<tt class="literal">uux</tt>,and<tt class="literal">write</tt>.</p><p>These commands were used for dial-up interactive or system-to-systemcommunications.Widely available Internet connectivity has generally made them obsolete.<tt class="literal">talk</tt> is a better alternative to <tt class="literal">write</tt>.</p></dd><dt><i><em class="emphasis">Compression</em></tt></i></dt><dd><tt class="literal">pack</tt>,<tt class="literal">pcat</tt>,and<tt class="literal">unpack</tt>have been made obsolete by<tt class="literal">compress</tt>/<tt class="literal">uncompress</tt>,and by <tt class="literal">gzip</tt>/<tt class="literal">gunzip</tt>.</p></dd><dt><i><em class="emphasis">File processing</em></tt></i></dt><dd><ul><li><p><tt class="literal">bfs</tt>was intended for processing large files, up to one megabyte.<tt class="literal">vi</tt> on modern systems easily handles files thatare considerably larger.</p></li><li><p><tt class="literal">crypt</tt>provided file encryption.However, its algorithm is considered weak, and better toolsare available today.<a name="IXT-B-121625" /></p></li><li><p><tt class="literal">newform</tt>was intended for data-reformatting.This is much more easily handled with <tt class="literal">sed</tt> or <tt class="literal">awk</tt>.</p></li><li><p><tt class="literal">red</tt> is a restricted version of <tt class="literal">ed</tt>.In practice, the restricted versions of various commands were neververy useful.They were hard to set up and use correctly.<tt class="literal">ed</tt> itself is rarely used today.</p></li><li><p><tt class="literal">sum</tt> apparently just adds up the bytes in a file,making its checksum of questionable value.<tt class="literal">cksum</tt> should be used instead.</p></li><li><p><tt class="literal">tabs</tt>controlled setting tab stops on reprogrammable terminals.However, Unix systems are rarely, if ever, used for writing inthe programming languages it handles.</p></li><li><p><tt class="literal">vc</tt> provided a very simple-minded form of version control.RCS and SCCS are much better alternatives.</p></li></ul></dd><dt><i><em class="emphasis">Layers</em></tt></i></dt><dd><tt class="literal">ismpx</tt>,<tt class="literal">jterm</tt>,<tt class="literal">jwin</tt>,<tt class="literal">layers</tt>,<tt class="literal">relogin</tt>,and<tt class="literal">shl</tt>.</p><p>All but <tt class="literal">shl</tt> are specific to thenow obsoleteAT&T Teletype 5620 DMD windowing terminal.The X Window system provides windowing functionality on modern Unix systems.<tt class="literal">shl</tt> was an attempt to provide functionalitysimilar to BSD job controlthat never caught on.</p></dd><dt><i><em class="emphasis">Network status</em></tt></i></dt><dd><tt class="literal">ruptime</tt>,<tt class="literal">rwho</tt>,<tt class="literal">whois</tt>.</p><p>The first two programs use daemons that often overloaded local area networks.The <tt class="literal">whois</tt> registry has been outgrown by the Internet,which is now much too large for centrally tracking everyone who might use it.</p></dd><dt><i><em class="emphasis">Simple menus</em></tt></i></dt><dd><tt class="literal">face</tt>and<tt class="literal">fmli</tt>provided a simple way to create menu-driven programs for CRT terminals.They simply never caught on, particularly with the increase in popularityof systems based on the X Window system.</p></dd><dt><i><em class="emphasis">UPAS</em></tt></i></dt><dd><tt class="literal">mailalias</tt>,<tt class="literal">notify</tt>,and<tt class="literal">vacation</tt>are used with the UPAS mailing system, which was standard with SVR4.Modern Unix systems use <tt class="literal">sendmail</tt>.</p></dd><dt><i><em class="emphasis">Windowing systems</em></tt></i></dt><dd>OpenWindows(started by the <tt class="literal">openwin</tt> command)was the default windowing system on SunOS and Solarisfor many years.CDE (the Common Desktop Environment) is now Sun's preferred windowingenvironment for Solaris.OpenWindows will not be supported past Solaris 7.</p></dd><dt><i><em class="emphasis">Miscellaneous</em></tt></i></dt><dd><ul><li><p><tt class="literal">cof2elf</tt> converts object filesand archives in COFF format to ELF format.As ELF format is now at least 10 years old, this program isnot likely to still be necessary.</p></li><li><p><tt class="literal">fmtmsg</tt> was intended to provide a standardized wayof generating error messages from shell scripts.It was never widely used.</p></li><li><p><tt class="literal">fold</tt>wraps lines to fit in a specific width.<tt class="literal">fmt</tt> generally does a better job.</p></li><li><p><tt class="literal">lptest</tt> generates a ripple pattern for line printers.Today, laser printers and ink-jet printers are more common.</p></li><li><p><tt class="literal">newgrp</tt>dates from when Unix systems allowed a user to be in only one group at a time.Modern Unix systems allow users to be in multiple groups simultaneously.</p></li><li><p><tt class="literal">news</tt>provides items of interest to system users.It is per-machine.Usenet news software is a much better alternative.</p></li><li><p><tt class="literal">pg</tt>is a simple pager.Use <tt class="literal">more</tt> instead.</p></li></ul></dd></dl></div><hr width="684" align="left" /><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="appa_01.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228"><a href="index.htm"><img src="../gifs/txthome.gif" alt="Home" border="0" /></a></td><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="appb_02.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228">A. ASCII Character Set</td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228"><a href="index/index.htm"><img src="../gifs/index.gif" alt="Book Index" border="0" /></a></td><td align="right" valign="top" width="228">B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands</td></tr></table></div><hr width="684" align="left" /><img src="../gifs/navbar.gif" usemap="#library-map" border="0" alt="Library Navigation Links" /><p><p><font size="-1"><a href="copyrght.htm">Copyright © 2003</a> O'Reilly & Associates. 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