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<html><head><title>me Macros (UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition)</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/style1.css" /><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Arnold Robbins" /><meta name="DC.Format" content="text/xml" scheme="MIME" /><meta name="DC.Language" content="en-US" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc." /><meta name="DC.Source" scheme="ISBN" content="1-56592-427-4" /><meta name="DC.Subject.Keyword" content="stuff" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Monograph" /></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="gifs/smbanner.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border="0" alt="Book Home" /><map name="banner-map"><area shape="rect" coords="1,-2,616,66" href="index.htm" alt="Book Title" /><area shape="rect" coords="629,-11,726,25" href="jobjects/fsearch.htm" alt="Search this book" /></map><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch14_05.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228" /><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch15_02.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr></table></div><h1 class="chapter">Chapter 15. me Macros</h1><div class="htmltoc"><h4 class="tochead">Contents:</h4><p><a href="ch15_01.htm#sect1">Alphabetical Summary of me Macros</a><br /><a href="ch15_02.htm">Predefined Strings</a><br /><a href="ch15_03.htm">Predefined Number Registers</a><br /><a href="ch15_04.htm">Sample Document</a><br /></p></div><p><a name="unut-ch-15-ix-me-macros" /><a name="unut-ch-15-ix-text-formatting-me-macros" /><a name="unut-ch-15-ix-text-formatting-me-macros2" />This chapter presents the following topics:</p><ul><li><p>Alphabetical summary of <em class="emphasis">me</em> macros</p></li><li><p>Predefined strings</p></li><li><p>Predefined number registers</p></li><li><p>Sample document</p></li></ul><div class="sect1"><a name="unut-ch-15-sect-1" /><h2 class="sect1"><a name="sect1" />15.1. Alphabetical Summary of me Macros</h2><table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".1c">.1c</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.1c</tt></p><p>Return to single-column format. See <b class="emphasis-bold"><a href="#.2c">.2c</a></b>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".2c">.2c</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.2c</tt></p><p>Enter two-column format. Force a new column with <tt class="literal">.bc</tt>; end two-column mode with <tt class="literal">.1c</tt>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".ar">.ar</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.ar</tt></p><p>Setpage number in arabic.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".b">.b</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.b</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>w x</tt></em></p><p>Set <em class="emphasis">w</em> in bold and <em class="emphasis">x</em> in previous font.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".(b">.(b</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.(b</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>type</tt></em></p><p>Begin block keep. End with <tt class="literal">.)b</tt>.</p><h4 class="refsect2">Type</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">C</tt></td><td><p>Centered block keep.</p></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">F</tt></td><td><p>Filled block keep.</p></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">L</tt></td><td><p>Left-justified block keep.</p></td></tr></table><p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".)b">.)b</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.)b</tt></p><p>End block keep started with <tt class="literal">.(b</tt>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".ba">.ba</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.ba</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>n</tt></em></p><p>Set the base indent to <em class="emphasis">n</em>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".bc">.bc</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.bc</tt></p><p>Begin column; used after <tt class="literal">.2c</tt>. </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".bi">.bi</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.bi</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>w x</tt></em></p><p>Set <em class="emphasis">w</em> in bold italics and <em class="emphasis">x</em> in previous font.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".bl">.bl</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.bl</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>n</tt></em></p><p>Leave <em class="emphasis">n</em> lines of whitespace. Equivalent to <tt class="literal">.sp </tt><em class="emphasis">n</em>inside a block.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".bu">.bu</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.bu</tt></p><p>Begin paragraphmarked by a bullet.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".bx">.bx</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.bx</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>w x</tt></em></p><p>Set <em class="emphasis">w</em> in a box and <em class="emphasis">x</em> immediately outside the box.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".+c">.+c</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.+c</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>title</tt></em></p><p>Begin chapter with <em class="emphasis">title</em>. </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".$c">.$c</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.$c</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>title</tt></em></p><p>Begin numbered chapter with <em class="emphasis">title</em>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".$C">.$C</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.$C</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>keyword n title</tt></em></p><p>User-definable macro. Called by <tt class="literal">.$c</tt>, supplying <em class="emphasis">keyword</em>(e.g., “Chapter” or “Appendix”), chapter or appendix number (<em class="emphasis">n</em>), and <em class="emphasis">title</em>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".(c">.(c</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.(c</tt></p><p>Begin centered block. End with <tt class="literal">.)c</tt>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".)c">.)c</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.)c</tt></p><p>End centered block started with <tt class="literal">.(c</tt>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".(d">.(d</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.(d</tt></p><p>Begin delayed text. End with <tt class="literal">.)d</tt>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".)d">.)d</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.)d</tt></p><p>End delayed text. Print text with <tt class="literal">.pd</tt>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".ef">.ef</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.ef</tt> <tt class="literal">'</tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>l</em><tt class="literal">'</tt><em class="replaceable">c</em><tt class="literal">'</tt><em class="replaceable">r</tt></em>'</p><p>Print three-part footer on all even pages.Parts are left-justified, centered,and right-justifiedat bottom of every even page. </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".eh">.eh</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.eh</tt> <tt class="literal">'</tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>l</em><tt class="literal">'</tt><em class="replaceable">c</em><tt class="literal">'</tt><em class="replaceable">r</tt></em>'</p><p>Print three-part header on all even pages.Parts are left-justified, centered,and right-justified at top of every even page. </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".EN">.EN</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.EN</tt></p><p>End equation display started with <tt class="literal">.EQ</tt>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".ep">.ep</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.ep</tt></p><p>End this page and print footnotes.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".EQ">.EQ</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.EQ</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>format</em> <em class="replaceable">title</tt></em></p><p>Start equation display to be processed by <tt class="literal">eqn</tt>,using output <em class="emphasis">format</em> and having <em class="emphasis">title</em>printed on the right margin next to the equation. End with <tt class="literal">.EN</tt>.See <a href="ch17_01.htm">Chapter 17</a>, for more information on <tt class="literal">eqn</tt>.</p><h4 class="refsect2">Format</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">C</tt></td><td><p>Centered.</p></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">I</tt></td><td><p>Indented.</p></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">L</tt></td><td><p>Left-justified.</p></td></tr></table><p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".$f">.$f</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.$f</tt></p><p>Call to print footer.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".(f">.(f</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.(f</tt></p><p>Begin text for footnote. End with <tt class="literal">.)f</tt>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".)f">.)f</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.)f</tt></p><p>End footnote text started with <tt class="literal">.(f</tt>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".fo">.fo</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.fo</tt> <tt class="literal">'</tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>l</em><tt class="literal">'</tt><em class="replaceable">c</em><tt class="literal">'</tt><em class="replaceable">r</tt></em>'</p><p>Print three-part footer on all pages.Parts are left-justified, centered,and right-justified atbottom of every page. </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".GE">.GE</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.GE</tt></p><p>End a picture created by <tt class="literal">gremlin</tt>.Must be used with a preceding <tt class="literal">.GS</tt>.Recent versions of <em class="emphasis">me</em> only.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".GF">.GF</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.GF</tt></p><p>End a picture created by <tt class="literal">gremlin</tt>,and “flyback” to the initial vertical position.Must be used with a preceding <tt class="literal">.GS</tt>.Recent versions of <em class="emphasis">me</em> only.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".GS">.GS</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.GS</tt> [<em class="replaceable"><tt>flag</tt></em>]</p><p>Start a picture created by <tt class="literal">gremlin</tt>.Must be used with a following <tt class="literal">.GE</tt>or <tt class="literal">.GF</tt>.Recent versions of <em class="emphasis">me</em> only.(<tt class="literal">gremlin</tt> is a picture-drawing tool similarto <tt class="literal">pic</tt> that was developed at UCB.) The default action is to center the picture.</p><h4 class="refsect2">Values for flag</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">L</tt></td><td>Place the picture next to the left margin.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">R</tt></td><td>Place the picture next to the right margin.</td></tr></table><p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".$H">.$H</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.$H</tt></p><p>Normally undefined macro, called immediately before printing text on apage. Can be used for column headings, etc.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".$h">.$h</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.$h</tt></p><p>Call to print header.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".he">.he</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.he</tt> <tt class="literal">'</tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>l</em><tt class="literal">'</tt><em class="replaceable">c</em><tt class="literal">'</tt><em class="replaceable">r</tt></em><tt class="literal">'</tt></p><p>Print three-part heading on all pages.Parts are left-justified, centered,and right-justified at top of every page. </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".hl">.hl</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.hl</tt></p><p>Draw a horizontal lineequal to the width of page.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".hx">.hx</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.hx</tt></p><p>Don't print headingsand footers on next page.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".i">.i</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.i </tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>w x</tt></em></p><p>Set <em class="emphasis">w</em> in italics (underline in <tt class="literal">nroff</tt>) and <em class="emphasis">x</em> in previous font.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".IE">.IE</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.IE</tt></p><p>End a picture created by <tt class="literal">ideal</tt>.Must be used with a preceding <tt class="literal">.IS</tt>.Recent versions of <em class="emphasis">me</em> only.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".IF">.IF</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.IF</tt></p><p>End a picture created by <tt class="literal">ideal</tt>,and “flyback” to the initial vertical position.Must be used with a preceding <tt class="literal">.IS</tt>.Recent versions of <em class="emphasis">me</em> only.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".IS">.IS</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.IS</tt></p><p>Start a picture created by <tt class="literal">ideal</tt>.Must be used with a following <tt class="literal">.IE</tt>or <tt class="literal">.IF</tt>.Recent versions of <em class="emphasis">me</em> only.(<tt class="literal">ideal</tt> is a picture-drawing tool similarto <tt class="literal">pic</tt> that was developed at Bell Labs.)</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name=".ip">.ip</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">.ip</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>label n</tt></em></p><p>Indent paragraph <em class="emphasis">n</em> spaces with hanging <em class="emphasis">label</em>.</p>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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