appb_02.htm

unix基础教程

Entries have the form <em class="emphasis">alias</em></tt><tt class="literal">=</tt><em class="emphasis">pathname</em></tt>.
Once this file is loaded,
you can use the shorthand notation <tt class="literal">$</tt><em class="emphasis">alias</em></tt> to refer to a long
pathname.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-c</tt> <tt><em class="replaceable">cfile</em></tt></dt><dd>Load the list of command aliases specified in the file <em class="emphasis">cfile</em></tt>.
This file allows you to modify the default behavior of FMLI commands or
create new commands.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-i</tt> <tt><em class="replaceable">ifile</em></tt></dt><dd>Load file <em class="emphasis">ifile</em></tt>, which specifies startup features such as the
introductory frame, banner information, screen colors, and labels.</p>
</dd>
</dl>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="fmtmsg">fmtmsg</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">fmtmsg</tt> [<tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>options</em></tt>] <tt><em class="replaceable">text</tt></em></tt></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-B-121644" />
<a name="IXT-B-121645" />
<a name="IXT-B-121646" />
<a name="IXT-B-121647" />

Print <em class="emphasis">text</em></tt> as part of a formatted error message on
standard error
(or on the system console).
<em class="emphasis">text</em></tt> must be quoted as a single argument.
<tt class="literal">fmtmsg</tt> is used in shell scripts to print messages in a standard
format.  Messages


display as follows:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code"><tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>label</em></tt>:	<tt><em class="replaceable">severity</em></tt>:	<tt><em class="replaceable">text</tt></em></tt>
TO FIX:	<tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>action</em></tt>		<tt><em class="replaceable">tag</tt></em></tt></pre></blockquote>
<p>You can define the MSGVERB variable to select which parts of
the message to print.  Each part is described with the options below.</p>
<p>The SEV_LEVEL environment variable allows you to add additional
severities and associated strings to be printed when those severities
are provided.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Options</h4><dl><dt><tt class="literal">-a</tt> <tt><em class="replaceable">action</em></tt></dt><dd>A string describing the first action to take in recovering the error.
The string &#8220;TO FIX:&#8221; precedes the <em class="emphasis">action</em> string.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-c</tt> <tt><em class="replaceable">source</em></tt></dt><dd>The source of the problem, where <em class="emphasis">source</em></tt> is one of
<tt class="literal">hard</tt> (hardware), <tt class="literal">soft</tt> (software), or <tt class="literal">firm</tt> (firmware).</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-l</tt> <tt><em class="replaceable">label</em></tt></dt><dd>Identify the message source with a text <em class="emphasis">label</em></tt>, often of the form
<em class="emphasis">file</em><tt class="literal">:</tt><em class="emphasis">command</em>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-s</tt> <tt><em class="replaceable">severity</em></tt></dt><dd>How serious the condition is.  <em class="emphasis">severity</em></tt> is one of <tt class="literal">halt</tt>, 
<tt class="literal">error</tt>, <tt class="literal">warn</tt>, or <tt class="literal">info</tt>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-t</tt> <tt><em class="replaceable">tag</em></tt></dt><dd>Another string identifier for the message.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-u</tt> <tt><em class="replaceable">types</em></tt></dt><dd>Classify the message as one or more <em class="emphasis">types</em></tt> (separated by commas).
<em class="emphasis">types</em></tt> can be one of the keywords <tt class="literal">appl</tt>, <tt class="literal">util</tt>, or <tt class="literal">opsys</tt>
(meaning that the problem comes respectively from an application, utility, 
or the kernel), either of the keywords <tt class="literal">recov</tt> or <tt class="literal">nrecov</tt> 
(application will or won't recover), <tt class="literal">print</tt> 
(message displays on standard error), and <tt class="literal">console</tt>
(message displays on system console).</p>
</dd>
</dl>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="fold">fold</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">fold</tt> [<tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>options</em></tt>] [<tt><em class="replaceable">files</tt></em></tt>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-B-121648" />
<a name="IXT-B-121649" />
<a name="IXT-B-121650" />

Break the lines of the named <em class="emphasis">files</em></tt> so that they are no wider
than the specified width.  <tt class="literal">fold</tt> breaks lines exactly at the
specified width,
even in the middle of a word.</p>


<h4 class="refsect2">Options</h4><dl><dt><tt class="literal">-b</tt></dt><dd>The line width specifies bytes, not characters.
Solaris only.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-s</tt></dt><dd>Break lines after the last whitespace character within the
first <em class="emphasis">width</em></tt> characters.
Solaris only.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-w</tt> <tt><em class="replaceable">n</em></tt></dt><dd>Create lines having width <em class="emphasis">n</em></tt> (default is 80).
(Can also be invoked as <tt class="literal">-</tt><em class="emphasis">n</em>
for compatibility with BSD.)</p>
</dd>
</dl>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="ismpx">ismpx</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">ismpx</tt> [<em class="replaceable"><tt>option</tt></em>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-B-121651" />
<a name="IXT-B-121652" />
<a name="IXT-B-121653" />
<a name="IXT-B-121654" />

Test whether standard input is running under <tt class="literal">layers</tt>.  
(Command name comes from &#8220;<b class="emphasis-bold">Is</b> the
<b class="emphasis-bold">m</b>ulti<b class="emphasis-bold">p</b>le<b class="emphasis-bold">x</b>or
running?&#8221;)
Output is either <tt class="literal">yes</tt> (exit status 0)
or <tt class="literal">no</tt> (exit status 1).
Useful for shell scripts that download programs to a layers
windowing terminal or that depend on screen size.  </p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Option</h4><dl><dt><tt class="literal">-s</tt></dt><dd>Suppress output and return exit status only.</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">if ismpx -s
then jwin
fi</pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="jterm">jterm</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">jterm</tt></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-B-121655" />
<a name="IXT-B-121656" />
<a name="IXT-B-121657" />
<a name="IXT-B-121658" />

Reset layer of windowing terminal after a program changes the terminal
attributes of the layer.  Used only under <tt class="literal">layers</tt>.
Returns 0 on success, 1 otherwise.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="jwin">jwin</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">jwin</tt></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-B-121659" />
<a name="IXT-B-121660" />

Print size of current window in bytes.  Used only under <tt class="literal">layers</tt>.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="layers">layers</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">layers</tt> [<tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>options</em></tt>] [<tt><em class="replaceable">layers_program</tt></em></tt>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-B-121661" />
<a name="IXT-B-121662" />

A layer multiplexor for DMD windowing terminals.  <tt class="literal">layers</tt> manages
asynchronous windows on a windowing terminal.  <em class="emphasis">layers_program</em></tt>
is a file containing a firmware patch that <tt class="literal">layers</tt> downloads to the
terminal (before layers are created or startup commands are executed).</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Options</h4><dl><dt><tt class="literal">-d</tt></dt><dd>Print sizes of the text, data, and bss portions of a downloaded 
firmware patch on standard error.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-D</tt></dt><dd>Print debugging messages on standard error.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-f</tt> <tt><em class="replaceable">file</em></tt></dt><dd>Initialize <tt class="literal">layers</tt> with a configuration given by <em class="emphasis">file</em></tt>.  
Each line of <em class="emphasis">file</em> is a layer to be created and has the format
<em class="emphasis">x1 y1 x2 y2 commands</em>, specifying the origin, the opposite corner, and
start-up commands.  For example:</p>


<blockquote><pre class="code">10 10 800 240 date; who; exec $SHELL</pre></blockquote>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-h</tt> <tt><em class="replaceable">list</em></tt></dt><dd>Supply a comma-separated <em class="emphasis">list</em></tt> of STREAMS modules to push onto a layer.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-m</tt> <tt><em class="replaceable">size</em></tt></dt><dd>Set data part of <tt class="literal">xt</tt> packets to maximum <em class="emphasis">size</em></tt> (32&#8211;252).</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-p</tt></dt><dd>Print downloading protocol statistics and a trace of a downloaded
firmware patch on standard error.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-s</tt></dt><dd>Report protocol statistics on standard error after exiting <tt class="literal">layers</tt>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-t</tt></dt><dd>Turn on <tt class="literal">xt</tt> driver packet tracing and produce a trace dump on
standard error after exiting <tt class="literal">layers</tt>. </p>
</dd>
</dl>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="lorder">lorder</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">/usr/ccs/bin/lorder</tt> <tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>objfiles</tt></em></tt></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-B-121663" />
<a name="IXT-B-121664" />
<a name="IXT-B-121665" />

Take object filenames (e.g., files with <tt class="literal">.o</tt> suffix) and output a
list of related pairs.  The first file listed includes references to external
identifiers that are defined in the second.  <tt class="literal">lorder</tt> output can be
sent to <tt class="literal">tsort</tt> to make the ordering of files in an archive more
efficient for loading.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><p>To produce an ordered list of object files and replace them in the
library <tt class="literal">libmyprog.a</tt> (provided they are newer):</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code"><tt class="userinput"><b>ar cru libmyprog.a `lorder *.o | tsort`</b></tt></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="lptest">lptest</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">/usr/ucb/lptest</tt> [<tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>length</em></tt> [<tt><em class="replaceable">n</tt></em></tt>]]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-B-121666" />
<a name="IXT-B-121667" />
<a name="IXT-B-121668" />
<a name="IXT-B-121669" />
<a name="IXT-B-121670" />



Display all 96 printable ASCII characters on the standard output.  
Characters are printed in each position, forming a &#8220;ripple pattern.&#8221;
You can specify the output line <em class="emphasis">length</em></tt> (default is 79) and
display <em class="emphasis">n</em></tt> lines of


output (default is 200).
<tt class="literal">lptest</tt> is useful for testing printers and terminals or
for running shell scripts with dummy input.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="mailalias">mailalias</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">mailalias</tt> [<tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>options</em></tt>] <tt><em class="replaceable">names</tt></em></tt></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-B-121671" />
<a name="IXT-B-121672" />
<a name="IXT-B-121673" />

Display the email addresses associated with one or more alias <em class="emphasis">names</em></tt>.
<tt class="literal">mailalias</tt> displays addresses that are listed in the files 
<tt class="literal">/var/mail/</tt><em class="emphasis">name</em></tt>, <tt class="literal">$HOME/lib/names</tt>, and in the files pointed to
by the list in <tt class="literal">/etc/mail/namefiles</tt>.  
<tt class="literal">mailalias</tt> is called by <tt class="literal">mail</tt>.</p>
<p>Note: this command is part of the UPAS mailing system software.
Commercial Unix systems all use <tt class="literal">sendmail</tt>,
thus this command isn't applicable.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Options</h4><dl><dt><tt class="literal">-s</tt></dt><dd>Suppress <em class="emphasis">name</em></tt> s; show only corresponding mail address.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-v</tt></dt><dd>Verbose mode; show debugging information.</p>
</dd>
</dl>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="newform">newform</a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">newform</tt> [<tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>options</em></tt>] <tt><em class="replaceable">files</tt></em></tt></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-B-121674" />
<a name="IXT-B-121675" />
<a name="IXT-B-121676" />
<a name="IXT-B-121677" />

Format <em class="emphasis">files</em></tt> according to the options specified.
<tt class="literal">newform</tt> resembles <tt class="literal">cut</tt> and <tt class="literal">paste</tt> and can be used 
to filter text output.  Options can appear more than once and 
can be interspersed between <em class="emphasis">files</em></tt> 
(except for <tt class="literal">-s</tt>, which must appear first).</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Options</h4><dl><dt><tt class="literal">-a</tt>[<tt><em class="replaceable">n</em></tt>]</dt><dd>Append <em class="emphasis">n</em></tt> characters to the end of each line or,
if <em class="emphasis">n</em> isn't specified, append characters until each line 
has the length specified by <tt class="literal">-l</tt>.</p>