ch09_02.htm

unix基础教程

<a name="IXT-9-123204" />Reverse the changes made by the last editing command.</p>
</td></tr>

<tr><td valign="top"><a name="unmap">unmap</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">unm</tt>[<tt class="literal">!</tt>] <em class="replaceable"><tt>char</tt></em></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123205" />Remove <em class="emphasis">char</em> from the list of keyboard macros.
Use <tt class="literal">!</tt> to remove a macro for input mode.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="v">v</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">v/</tt><em class="replaceable">pattern</em><tt class="literal">/</tt>[<em class="replaceable">commands</tt></em>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123206" />Execute <em class="emphasis">commands</em> on all lines <em class="emphasis">not</em>
containing <em class="emphasis">pattern</em>.  
If <em class="emphasis">commands</em> are not specified, print all such lines.
<tt class="literal">v</tt> is equivalent to <tt class="literal">g!</tt>.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:v/#include/d	<i class="lineannotation">Delete all lines except "#include" lines</i></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="version">version</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">ve</tt></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123207" />Print the editor's current version number and date of last change.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="visual">visual</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">vi</tt> [<em class="replaceable">type</em>] [<em class="replaceable">count</tt></em>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123208" />Enter visual mode (<tt class="literal">vi</tt>) at the line specified by
<em class="emphasis">address</em>.  Exit with <tt class="literal">Q</tt>.  <em class="emphasis">type</em> can
be one of <tt class="literal">-</tt>, <tt class="literal">^</tt>, or <tt class="literal">.</tt>  (See the
<tt class="literal">z</tt> command).  <em class="emphasis">count</em> specifies an initial window size.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="visual">visual</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">vi</tt> [<tt class="literal">+</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>n</em>] <em class="emphasis">file</tt></em></p>
<p>Begin editing <em class="emphasis">file</em> in visual mode (<tt class="literal">vi</tt>),
optionally at line <em class="emphasis">n</em>.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="write">write</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">w</tt>[<tt class="literal">!</tt>] [[<tt class="literal">&gt;&gt;</tt>] <em class="replaceable">file</tt></em>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123209" />Write lines specified by <em class="emphasis">address</em> to <em class="emphasis">file</em>,
or write full contents of buffer if <em class="emphasis">address</em> is not specified.
If <em class="emphasis">file</em> is also omitted, save the contents of the buffer 
to the current filename.
If <tt class="literal">&gt;&gt;</tt> <em class="emphasis">file</em> is used, write contents to the end of the specified
<em class="emphasis">file</em>.
Add a <tt class="literal">!</tt> to force the editor to write over any current
contents of <em class="emphasis">file</em>.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:1,10w name_list		<i class="lineannotation">Copy first 10 lines to name_list</i>
:50w &gt;&gt; name_list		<i class="lineannotation">Now append line 50</i></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="write">write</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">w</tt>  <tt class="literal">!</tt><em class="replaceable">command</tt></em></p>
<p>Write lines specified by <em class="emphasis">address</em> to <em class="emphasis">command</em>.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:1,66w !pr -h myfile | lp	<i class="lineannotation">Print first page of file</i></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="wq">wq</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">wq</tt>[<tt class="literal">!</tt>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123210" />Write and quit the file in one movement.
The file is always written.
The <tt class="literal">!</tt> flag forces 
the editor to write over any current contents of <em class="emphasis">file</em>.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="xit">xit</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">x</tt></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123211" />Write the file if it was changed since the last write; then quit.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="yank">yank</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">ya</tt> [<em class="replaceable">char</em>] [<em class="replaceable">count</tt></em>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123212" />Place lines specified by <em class="emphasis">address</em> in named buffer <em class="emphasis">char</em>.
If no <em class="emphasis">char</em> is given, place lines in general buffer.
<em class="emphasis">count</em> specifies the number of lines to yank, starting with <em class="emphasis">address</em>.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:101,200 ya a</pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="z">z</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">z</tt> [<em class="replaceable">type</em>] [<em class="replaceable">count</tt></em>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123213" />Print a window of text with the line specified by <em class="emphasis">address</em> at the top.
<em class="emphasis">count</em> specifies the number of lines to be displayed.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Type</h4><dl><dt><tt class="literal">+</tt></dt><dd>Place specified line at the top of the window (default).</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">-</tt></dt><dd>Place specified line at the bottom of the window.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">.</tt></dt><dd>Place specified line in the center of the window.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">^</tt></dt><dd>Print the previous window.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="literal">=</tt></dt><dd>Place specified line in the center of the window and leave
the current line at this line.</p>
</dd>
</dl>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="!">!</a></a></td><td><p>[<tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em></tt>] <tt class="literal">!</tt><tt><em class="replaceable">command</tt></em></tt></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123214" />Execute Unix <em class="emphasis">command</em></tt> in a shell.  If <em class="emphasis">address</em></tt> is specified, apply
the lines contained in <em class="emphasis">address</em></tt> as standard input to <em class="emphasis">command</em></tt>,
and replace the lines with the output and error output.
(This is called <em class="emphasis">filtering</em></tt> the text
through the <em class="emphasis">command</em></tt>.)</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Examples</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">
:!ls		     <i class="lineannotation">List files in the current directory</i>
:11,20!sort -f	     <i class="lineannotation">Sort lines 11&#8211;20 of current file</i></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="=">=</a></a></td><td><p>[<tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>address</tt></em></tt>] <tt class="literal">=</tt></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123215" />Print the line number of the line indicated by <em class="emphasis">address</em></tt>.  
Default is line number of the last line.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="&lt;&#160;&gt;">&lt;&#160;&gt;</a></a></td><td>[<tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em></tt>] <tt class="literal">&lt;</tt> [<tt><em class="replaceable">count</em></tt>]<br>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<b class="emphasis-bold">or</b><br>[<tt><em class="replaceable">address</em></tt>] <tt class="literal">&gt;</tt> [<tt><em class="replaceable">count</tt></em></tt>]
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123216" />
<a name="IXT-9-123217" />Shift lines specified by <em class="emphasis">address</em></tt>
either left (<tt class="literal">&lt;</tt>) or right (<tt class="literal">&gt;</tt>).
Only leading spaces and tabs are added or removed when shifting lines.
<em class="emphasis">count</em></tt> specifies the number of lines to shift, 
starting with <em class="emphasis">address</em></tt>.
The <tt class="literal">shiftwidth</tt> option controls the number of columns
that are shifted. Repeating the <tt class="literal">&lt;</tt> or
<tt class="literal">&gt;</tt> increases the shift amount.
For example, <tt class="literal">:&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> shifts three times as
much as <tt class="literal">:&gt;</tt>.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="address">address</a></a></td><td><p><tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>address</tt></em></tt></p>
<p>Print the lines specified in <em class="emphasis">address</em></tt>.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="RETURN">RETURN</a></a></td><td><p />
<p>Print the next line in the file.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="&amp;">&amp;</a></a></td><td><p>[<tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em></tt>] <tt class="literal">&amp;</tt> [<tt><em class="replaceable">options</em></tt>] [<tt><em class="replaceable">count</tt></em></tt>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123218" />Repeat the previous substitute (<tt class="literal">s</tt>) command.
<em class="emphasis">count</em></tt> specifies the number of lines on which to substitute,
starting with <em class="emphasis">address</em></tt>. <em class="emphasis">options</em></tt> are the same as for the substitute command.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Examples</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">
:s/Overdue/Paid/	  <i class="lineannotation">Substitute once on current line</i>
:g/Status/&amp;	          <i class="lineannotation">Redo substitution on all &#8220;Status&#8221; lines</i></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="~">~</a></a></td><td><p>[<tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em></tt>] <tt class="literal">~</tt> [<tt><em class="replaceable">count</tt></em></tt>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123219" />Replace the last used regular expression (even if from a search, and not
from an <tt class="literal">s</tt> command) with the replacement pattern from
the most recent <tt class="literal">s</tt> (substitute) command.
This is rather obscure;
see Chapter 6 of <em class="citetitle">Learning the vi Editor</em></tt> for details.
<a name="IXT-9-123220" /></p>
</td></tr></table><p>


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