ch09_02.htm

unix基础教程

<a name="IXT-9-123186" />Move the lines specified by <em class="emphasis">address</em> to the <em class="emphasis">destination</em> address.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:.,/Note/m /END/    <i class="lineannotation">Move text block after line containing "END"</i></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="next">next</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">n</tt>[<tt class="literal">!</tt>] [[<tt class="literal">+</tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>n</em>] <em class="replaceable">filelist</tt></em>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123187" />Edit the next file from the command-line argument list.  Use <tt class="literal">args</tt>
to list these files.  If <em class="emphasis">filelist</em> is provided, replace the
current argument list with <em class="emphasis">filelist</em> and begin editing on the
first file.  With the <tt class="literal">+</tt><em class="emphasis">n</em>
argument, begin editing on line <em class="emphasis">n</em>.
Or <em class="emphasis">n</em> may be a pattern, of the form
<tt class="literal">/</tt><em class="emphasis">pattern</em>.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:n chap*            <i class="lineannotation">Start editing all "chapter" files</i></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="number">number</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">nu</tt> [<em class="replaceable">count</tt></em>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123188" />Print each line specified by <em class="emphasis">address</em>,
preceded by its buffer line
number.  Use <tt class="literal">#</tt> as an alternate abbreviation for <tt class="literal">number</tt>.
<em class="emphasis">count</em> specifies the number of lines to show, starting 
with <em class="emphasis">address</em>.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="open">open</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">o</tt> [<tt class="literal">/</tt><em class="replaceable">pattern</tt></em><tt class="literal">/</tt>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123189" />Enter open mode (<tt class="literal">vi</tt>) at the lines specified by
<em class="emphasis">address</em>, or at the
lines matching <em class="emphasis">pattern</em>.
Exit open mode with <tt class="literal">Q</tt>.
Open mode lets you use the regular <tt class="literal">vi</tt> commands, but only one line at a time.
It can be 


useful on slow dialup lines (or on very distant Internet
<tt class="literal">telnet</tt> connections).</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="preserve">preserve</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">pre</tt></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123190" />Save the current editor buffer as though the system were about to crash.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="print">print</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">p</tt> [<em class="replaceable">count</tt></em>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123191" />Print the lines specified by <em class="emphasis">address</em>.  
<em class="emphasis">count</em> specifies the number of lines to print, starting with <em class="emphasis">address</em>.
<tt class="literal">P</tt> is another abbreviation.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:100;+5p		<i class="lineannotation">Show line 100 and the next five lines</i></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="put">put</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">pu</tt> [<em class="replaceable">char</tt></em>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123192" />Restore previously deleted or yanked lines from named buffer specified by
<em class="emphasis">char</em>, to the line specified by <em class="emphasis">address</em>.
If <em class="emphasis">char</em> is not specified,
the last deleted or yanked text is restored.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="quit">quit</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">q</tt>[<tt class="literal">!</tt>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123193" />Terminate current editing session.  Use <tt class="literal">!</tt> to discard changes made
since the last save.  If the editing session includes additional files
in the argument list that were never accessed, quit by typing
<tt class="literal">q!</tt> or by typing <tt class="literal">q</tt> twice.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="read">read</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">r</tt> <em class="replaceable">filename</tt></em></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123194" />Copy the text of <em class="emphasis">filename</em> after the line specified by
<em class="emphasis">address</em>.
If <em class="emphasis">filename</em> is not specified, the current filename 
is used.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:0r $HOME/data	<i class="lineannotation">Read file in at top of current file</i></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="read">read</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">r</tt>  <tt class="literal">!</tt><em class="replaceable">command</tt></em></p>
<p>Read the output of Unix <em class="emphasis">command</em> into the text after the line 
specified by <em class="emphasis">address</em>.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:$r !cal		<i class="lineannotation">Place a calendar at end of file</i></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="recover">recover</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">rec</tt> [<em class="replaceable"><tt>file</tt></em>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123195" />Recover <em class="emphasis">file</em> from the system save area.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="rewind">rewind</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">rew</tt>[<tt class="literal">!</tt>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123196" />Rewind argument list and begin editing the first file in the list.
Add a <tt class="literal">!</tt> to rewind even if the current file has not been
saved since the last change.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="set">set</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">se</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>parameter1</em> <em class="replaceable">parameter2</tt></em> ...</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123197" />Set a value to an option with each 
<em class="emphasis">parameter</em>, or, if no <em class="emphasis">parameter</em> is
supplied, print all options that have been changed from
their defaults.  For toggle options, each
<em class="emphasis">parameter</em> can be phrased as <em class="emphasis">option</em> or <em class="replaceable"><tt>no</em><em class="emphasis">option</tt></em>;
other options can be assigned with the syntax <em class="emphasis">option</em><tt class="literal">=</tt><em class="emphasis">value</em>.
Specify <tt class="literal">all</tt> to list current settings.
The form <tt class="literal">set</tt> <em class="emphasis">option</em><tt class="literal">?</tt>
displays the value of <em class="emphasis">option</em>.
See the list of <tt class="literal">set</tt> options in
<a href="ch08_01.htm">Chapter 8</a>.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Examples</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:set nows wm=10
:set all</pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="shell">shell</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">sh</tt></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123198" />Create a new shell.  Resume editing when the shell terminates.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="source">source</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">so</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>file</tt></em></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123199" />Read and execute <tt class="literal">ex</tt> commands from <em class="emphasis">file</em>.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Examples</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:so $HOME/.exrc</pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="substitute">substitute</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">s</tt> [<tt class="literal">/</tt><em class="replaceable">pattern</em><tt class="literal">/</tt><em class="replaceable">replacement</em><tt class="literal">/</tt>] [<em class="replaceable">options</em>] [<em class="replaceable">count</tt></em>]</p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123200" />Replace each instance of <em class="emphasis">pattern</em> on the specified lines with 
<em class="emphasis">replacement</em>.
If <em class="emphasis">pattern</em> and <em class="emphasis">replacement</em> are omitted,
repeat last substitution.
<em class="emphasis">count</em> specifies the number of lines on which to substitute, starting
with <em class="emphasis">address</em>.
See additional examples in <a href="ch06_01.htm">Chapter 6</a>.
(Spelling out the command name does not work in Solaris <tt class="literal">vi</tt>.)</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Options</h4>
<table border="1" cellpadding="3">

<tr><td><tt class="literal">c</tt></td><td><p>Prompt for confirmation before each change.</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal">g</tt></td><td><p>Substitute all instances of <em class="emphasis">pattern</em> on each line (global).</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal">p</tt></td><td><p>Print the last line on which a substitution was made.</p>
</td></tr>
</table><p>

<h4 class="refsect2">Examples</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:1,10s/yes/no/g      <i class="lineannotation">Substitute on first 10 lines</i>
:%s/[Hh]ello/Hi/gc   <i class="lineannotation">Confirm global substitutions</i>
:s/Fortran/\U&amp;/ 3    <i class="lineannotation">Uppercase "Fortran" on next three lines</i></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="t">t</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">t</tt> <em class="replaceable">destination</tt></em></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123201" />Copy the lines included in <em class="emphasis">address</em> <b class="emphasis-bold"><a href="#t">t</a></b>o the
specified <em class="emphasis">destination</em> address.
<tt class="literal">t</tt> is equivalent to <tt class="literal">copy</tt>.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:%t$               <i class="lineannotation">Copy the file and add it to the end</i></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="tag">tag</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">ta</tt> <em class="replaceable">tag</tt></em></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123202" />Switch the focus of editing to <em class="emphasis">tag</em>.</p>
<h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><p>Run <tt class="literal">ctags</tt>, then switch to the file containing <em class="emphasis">myfunction</em>:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">:!ctags *.c
:tag <em class="replaceable"><tt>myfunction</tt></em></pre></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="unabbreviate">unabbreviate</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">una</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>word</tt></em></p>
<p>
<a name="IXT-9-123203" />Remove <em class="emphasis">word</em> from the list of abbreviations.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="undo">undo</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">u</tt></p>
<p>