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<html><head><title>Alphabetical Summary of ex Commands (UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition)</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/style1.css" /><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Arnold Robbins" /><meta name="DC.Format" content="text/xml" scheme="MIME" /><meta name="DC.Language" content="en-US" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc." /><meta name="DC.Source" scheme="ISBN" content="1-56592-427-4" /><meta name="DC.Subject.Keyword" content="stuff" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Monograph" /></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="gifs/smbanner.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border="0" alt="Book Home" /><map name="banner-map"><area shape="rect" coords="1,-2,616,66" href="index.htm" alt="Book Title" /><area shape="rect" coords="629,-11,726,25" href="jobjects/fsearch.htm" alt="Search this book" /></map><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch09_01.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228" /><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch10_01.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr></table></div><h2 class="sect1">9.2. Alphabetical Summary of ex Commands</h2><p><a name="IXT-9-123170" /><tt class="literal">ex</tt> commands can be entered by specifying any unique abbreviation. Inthis listing, the full name appears in the margin, and the shortestpossible abbreviation is used in the syntax line. Examples are assumedto be typed from <tt class="literal">vi</tt>,so they include the <tt class="literal">:</tt> prompt.</p><table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr><td valign="top"><a name="abbrev">abbrev</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">ab</tt> [<em class="replaceable"><tt>string text</tt></em>]</p><p><a name="IXT-9-123171" />Define <em class="emphasis">string</em> when typed to be translated into <em class="emphasis">text</em>. If <em class="emphasis">string</em> and <em class="emphasis">text</em> are not specified, list all currentabbreviations.</p><h4 class="refsect2">Examples</h4><p>Note: <tt class="literal">^M</tt> appears when you type <tt class="literal">^V</tt>followed by Return.</p><blockquote><pre class="code">:ab ora O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.:ab id Name:^MRank:^MPhone:</pre></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="append">append</a></a></td><td>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">a</tt>[<tt class="literal">!</tt>]<br><em class="replaceable">text</tt></em><br><tt class="literal">.</tt><p><a name="IXT-9-123172" />Append <em class="emphasis">text</em> at specified <em class="emphasis">address</em>, or at present address ifnone is specified. Add a <tt class="literal">!</tt> to toggle the <tt class="literal">autoindent</tt>setting that is used during input. That is, if <tt class="literal">autoindent</tt>was enabled, <tt class="literal">!</tt> disables it.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="args">args</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">ar</tt></p><p><a name="IXT-9-123173" />Print the members of the argument list (files named on the command line),with the current argument printed in brackets ([]).</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="change">change</a></a></td><td>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">c</tt>[<tt class="literal">!</tt>]<br><em class="replaceable">text</tt></em><br><tt class="literal">.</tt><br><a name="IXT-9-123174" />Replace the specified lines with <em class="emphasis">text</em>.Add a <tt class="literal">!</tt> to switchthe <tt class="literal">autoindent</tt> setting during input of <em class="emphasis">text</em>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="copy">copy</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">co</tt> <em class="replaceable">destination</tt></em></p><p><a name="IXT-9-123175" />Copy the lines included in <em class="emphasis">address</em> to the specified <em class="emphasis">destination</em> address.The command <tt class="literal">t</tt> (short for “to”)is a synonym for <tt class="literal">copy</tt>.</p><h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:1,10 co 50</pre></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="delete">delete</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">d</tt> [<em class="replaceable">buffer</tt></em>]</p><p><a name="IXT-9-123176" />Delete the lines included in <em class="emphasis">address</em>.If <em class="emphasis">buffer</em> is specified, save or append the text to the named buffer.Buffer names are the lowercase letters a–z.Uppercase names append text to the buffer.</p><h4 class="refsect2">Examples</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:/Part I/,/Part II/-1d <i class="lineannotation">Delete to line above "Part II"</i>:/main/+d <i class="lineannotation">Delete line below "main"</i>:.,$d <i class="lineannotation">Delete from this line to last line</i></pre></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="edit">edit</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">e</tt>[<tt class="literal">!</tt>] [<tt class="literal">+</tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>n</em>] [<em class="replaceable">filename</tt></em>]</p><p><a name="IXT-9-123177" />Begin editing on <em class="emphasis">filename</em>. If no <em class="emphasis">filename</em> is given, start over with a copyof the current file.Add a <tt class="literal">!</tt> to edit the new file even if the current filehas not been saved since the last change.With the <tt class="literal">+</tt><em class="emphasis">n</em> argument,begin editing on line <em class="emphasis">n</em>.Or <em class="emphasis">n</em> may be a pattern, of theform <tt class="literal">/</tt><em class="emphasis">pattern</em>.</p><h4 class="refsect2">Examples</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:e file:e#:e!</pre></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="file">file</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">f</tt> [<em class="replaceable"><tt>filename</tt></em>]</p><p><a name="IXT-9-123178" />Change the name of the current file to <em class="emphasis">filename</em>,which is considered“not edited.” If no <em class="emphasis">filename</em> is specified,print the current status of the file.</p><h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:f %.new</pre></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="global">global</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">g</tt>[<tt class="literal">!</tt>]<tt class="literal">/</tt><em class="replaceable">pattern</em><tt class="literal">/</tt>[<em class="replaceable">commands</tt></em>]</p><p><a name="IXT-9-123179" />Execute <em class="emphasis">commands</em> on all lines which contain <em class="emphasis">pattern</em> or, if<em class="emphasis">address</em> is specified, on all lines within that range. If <em class="emphasis">commands</em> are not specified, print all such lines.Add a <tt class="literal">!</tt> to execute <em class="emphasis">commands</em> on alllines <em class="emphasis">not</em>containing <em class="emphasis">pattern</em>. See also <b class="emphasis-bold"><a href="#v">v</a></b>.</p><h4 class="refsect2">Examples</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:g/Unix/p:g/Name:/s/tom/Tom/</pre></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="insert">insert</a></a></td><td>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">i</tt>[<tt class="literal">!</tt>]<br><em class="replaceable">text</tt></em><br><tt class="literal">.</tt><p><a name="IXT-9-123180" />Insert <em class="emphasis">text</em> at line before the specified <em class="emphasis">address</em>, or at presentaddress if none is specified. Add a <tt class="literal">!</tt> to switch the<tt class="literal">autoindent</tt> setting during input of <em class="emphasis">text</em>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="join">join</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">j</tt>[<tt class="literal">!</tt>] [<em class="replaceable">count</tt></em>]</p><p><a name="IXT-9-123181" />Place the text in the specified range on one line, with whitespaceadjusted to provide two space characters after a period (.), nospace characters after a ), and one space character otherwise.Add a <tt class="literal">!</tt> to prevent whitespace adjustment.</p><h4 class="refsect2">Example</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:1,5j! <i class="lineannotation">Join first five lines, preserving whitespace</i></pre></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="k">k</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">k</tt> <em class="replaceable">char</tt></em></p><p><a name="IXT-9-123182" />Mark the given <em class="emphasis">address</em> with <em class="emphasis">char</em>,a single lowercase letter. Returnlater to the line with <tt class="literal">'x</tt>.<tt class="literal">k</tt> is equivalent to <tt class="literal">mark</tt>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="list">list</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">l</tt> [<em class="replaceable">count</tt></em>]</p><p><a name="IXT-9-123183" />Print the specified lines so that tabs display as <tt class="literal">^I</tt>, and the endsof lines display as <tt class="literal">$</tt>. <tt class="literal">l</tt> is like a temporary version of<tt class="literal">:set list</tt>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="map">map</a></a></td><td><p><tt class="literal">map</tt>[<tt class="literal">!</tt>] [<em class="replaceable"><tt>char </em><em class="replaceable">commands</tt></em>]</p><p><a name="IXT-9-123184" />Define a keyboard macro named <em class="emphasis">char</em> as the specifiedsequence of <em class="emphasis">commands</em>.<em class="emphasis">char</em> is usually a single character, or thesequence <tt class="literal">#</tt><em class="emphasis">n</em>,representing a function key on the keyboard.Use a <tt class="literal">!</tt> to create a macro for input mode.With no arguments, list the currently defined macros.</p><h4 class="refsect2">Examples</h4><blockquote><pre class="code">:map K dwwP <i class="lineannotation">Transpose two words</i>:map q :w^M:n^M <i class="lineannotation">Write current file; go to next</i>:map! + ^[bi(^[ea) <i class="lineannotation">Enclose previous word in parentheses</i></pre></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="mark">mark</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">ma</tt> <em class="replaceable">char</tt></em></p><p><a name="IXT-9-123185" />Mark the specified line with <em class="emphasis">char</em>, a single lowercase letter.Return later to the line with <tt class="literal">'x</tt>. Same as <tt class="literal">k</tt>.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><a name="move">move</a></a></td><td><p>[<em class="replaceable"><tt>address</em>] <tt class="literal">m</tt> <em class="replaceable">destination</tt></em></p><p>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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