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<html><head><title>Group Summary of Requests (UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition)</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/style1.css" /><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Arnold Robbins" /><meta name="DC.Format" content="text/xml" scheme="MIME" /><meta name="DC.Language" content="en-US" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc." /><meta name="DC.Source" scheme="ISBN" content="1-56592-427-4" /><meta name="DC.Subject.Keyword" content="stuff" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Monograph" /></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="gifs/smbanner.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border="0" alt="Book Home" /><map name="banner-map"><area shape="rect" coords="1,-2,616,66" href="index.htm" alt="Book Title" /><area shape="rect" coords="629,-11,726,25" href="jobjects/fsearch.htm" alt="Search this book" /></map><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch12_04.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228" /><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch12_06.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr></table></div><h2 class="sect1">12.5. Group Summary of Requests</h2><p><a name="IXT-12-123366" /><a name="IXT-12-123367" /><a name="IXT-12-123368" />As an aid to finding the right request for a particulartask, the 85 <tt class="literal">nroff</tt>/<tt class="literal">troff</tt> requests are listed belowby subject.</p><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.1" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.1. Character Output</h3><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.cu</tt></td><td>Continuous underline/italicize.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.lg</tt></td><td>Ligature mode.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.tr</tt></td><td>Translate characters.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.uf</tt></td><td>Set font for underlining.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ul</tt></td><td>Underline/italicize.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.2" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.2. Conditional Processing</h3><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.el</tt></td><td><em class="emphasis">Else</em> portion of <em class="emphasis">if-else.</em></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ie</tt></td><td><em class="emphasis">If</em> portion of <em class="emphasis">if-else.</em></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.if</tt></td><td><em class="emphasis">If</em> statement.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.3" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.3. Customizing n/troff Requests</h3><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.c2</tt></td><td>Set no-break control character.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.cc</tt></td><td>Set control character.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ec</tt></td><td>Set escape character.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.eo</tt></td><td>Turn off escape character.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.hc</tt></td><td>Set hyphenation character.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.pc</tt></td><td>Set page character.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.4" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.4. Diagnostic Output</h3><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ab</tt></td><td>Print a message, then abort.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.fl</tt></td><td>Flush output buffer.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ig</tt></td><td>Suppress (ignore) text in output.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.lf</tt></td><td>Set line number and filename.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.mc</tt></td><td>Set the margin character.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.pm</tt></td><td>Print name and size of macros.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.tm</tt></td><td>Print a message, then continue.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.5" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.5. Font and Character Size</h3><p><a name="IXT-12-123369" /><a name="IXT-12-123370" /></p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.bd</tt></td><td>Embolden font.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.cs</tt></td><td>Set constant-width spacing.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.fp</tt></td><td>Mount font (on positions 1–4).</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ft</tt></td><td>Set font.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ps</tt></td><td>Set point size.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ss</tt></td><td>Set character spacing.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.6" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.6. Horizontal Positioning</h3><p><a name="IXT-12-123371" /><a name="IXT-12-123372" /></p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.in</tt></td><td>Indent.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ll</tt></td><td>Set line length.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.lt</tt></td><td>Set length of title.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.po</tt></td><td>Change page offset.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ti</tt></td><td>Indent next line.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.tl</tt></td><td>Specify three-part title.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.7" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.7. Hyphenation</h3><p><a name="IXT-12-123373" /></p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.hw</tt></td><td>Set hard-coded hyphenation.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.hy</tt></td><td>Set hyphenation mode.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.nh</tt></td><td>Turn off hyphenation.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.8" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.8. Input/Output Switching</h3><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.cf</tt></td><td>Copy raw file to output.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ex</tt></td><td>Exit from <tt class="literal">nroff</tt>/<tt class="literal">troff</tt>.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.nx</tt></td><td>Go to a file.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.pi</tt></td><td>Pipe output to a Unix command.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.rd</tt></td><td>Read from the terminal.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.so</tt></td><td>Go to a file, then return.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.sy</tt></td><td>Execute a Unix command.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.9" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.9. Line Numbering</h3><p><a name="IXT-12-123374" /></p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.nm</tt></td><td>Line-numbering mode.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.nn</tt></td><td>Don't number lines.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.10" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.10. Macro and String Processing</h3><p><a name="IXT-12-123375" /><a name="IXT-12-123376" /></p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.am</tt></td><td>Append to a macro.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.as</tt></td><td>Append to a string.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ch</tt></td><td>Change trap position.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.da</tt></td><td>Divert text; append to a macro.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.de</tt></td><td>Define a macro.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.di</tt></td><td>Divert text to a macro.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ds</tt></td><td>Define a string.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.dt</tt></td><td>Set a diversion trap.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.em</tt></td><td>Set the ending macro.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ev</tt></td><td>Change environment.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.it</tt></td><td>Set trap for input line counting.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.rm</tt></td><td>Remove macro, request, or string.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.rn</tt></td><td>Rename macro, request, or string.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.wh</tt></td><td>Set a page trap.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.11" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.11. Number Registers</h3><p><a name="IXT-12-123377" /></p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.af</tt></td><td>Assign a format to a register.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.nr</tt></td><td>Define a number register.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.rr</tt></td><td>Remove a number register.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.12" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.12. Pagination</h3><p><a name="IXT-12-123378" /></p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.bp</tt></td><td>Begin a new page.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.mk</tt></td><td>Mark vertical position.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ne</tt></td><td>Keep lines on same page if there's room.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.pl</tt></td><td>Set page length.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.pn</tt></td><td>Set page number.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.rt</tt></td><td>Return to marked vertical place.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.13" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.13. Tabs</h3><p><a name="IXT-12-123379" /><a name="IXT-12-123380" /></p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.fc</tt></td><td>Set a field delimiter and a pad character.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.lc</tt></td><td>Set leader character.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ta</tt></td><td>Define tab settings.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.tc</tt></td><td>Set tab character.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.14" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.14. Text Adjustments</h3><p><a name="IXT-12-123381" /></p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ad</tt></td><td>Adjust margins.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.br</tt></td><td>Break the output line.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ce</tt></td><td>Center lines.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.fi</tt></td><td>Fill lines.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.na</tt></td><td>Don't adjust margins.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.nf</tt></td><td>Don't fill lines.</td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-12-sect-5.15" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">12.5.15. Vertical Spacing</h3><p><a name="IXT-12-123382" /><a name="IXT-12-123383" /><a name="IXT-12-123384" /><a name="IXT-12-123385" /><a name="IXT-12-123386" /><a name="IXT-12-123387" /></p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ls</tt></td><td>Line spacing (e.g., single-spaced).</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.ns</tt></td><td>Enable no-space mode.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.os</tt></td><td>Output vertical space from <tt class="literal">.sv</tt>.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.rs</tt></td><td>Restore spacing mode.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.sp</tt></td><td>Output blank spacing.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.sv</tt></td><td>Save (store) spacing.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.vs</tt></td><td>Set vertical spacing for lines.</td></tr></table><p><a name="IXT-12-123388" /><a name="IXT-12-123389" /><a name="IXT-12-123390" /><a name="IXT-12-123391" /><a name="IXT-12-123392" /><a name="IXT-12-123393" /><a name="IXT-12-123394" /></div><hr width="684" align="left" /><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch12_04.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228"><a href="index.htm"><img src="../gifs/txthome.gif" alt="Home" border="0" /></a></td><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch12_06.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228">12.4. Default Operation of Requests</td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228"><a href="index/index.htm"><img src="../gifs/index.gif" alt="Book Index" border="0" /></a></td><td align="right" valign="top" width="228">12.6. Alphabetical Summary of Requests</td></tr></table></div><hr width="684" align="left" /><img src="../gifs/navbar.gif" usemap="#library-map" border="0" alt="Library Navigation Links" /><p><p><font size="-1"><a href="copyrght.htm">Copyright © 2003</a> O'Reilly & Associates. 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