access.py

SQLAlchemy. 经典的Python ORM框架。学习必看。

            connectors.append("UID=%s" % user)
            connectors.append("PWD=%s" % opts.get("password", ""))
        return [[";".join(connectors)], {}]

    def create_execution_context(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return AccessExecutionContext(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def last_inserted_ids(self):
        return self.context.last_inserted_ids

    def do_execute(self, cursor, statement, params, **kwargs):
        if params == {}:
            params = ()
        super(AccessDialect, self).do_execute(cursor, statement, params, **kwargs)

    def _execute(self, c, statement, parameters):
        try:
            if parameters == {}:
                parameters = ()
            c.execute(statement, parameters)
            self.context.rowcount = c.rowcount
        except Exception, e:
            raise exceptions.DBAPIError.instance(statement, parameters, e)

    def has_table(self, connection, tablename, schema=None):
        # This approach seems to be more reliable that using DAO
        try:
            connection.execute('select top 1 * from [%s]' % tablename)
            return True
        except Exception, e:
            return False

    def reflecttable(self, connection, table, include_columns):        
        # This is defined in the function, as it relies on win32com constants,
        # that aren't imported until dbapi method is called
        if not hasattr(self, 'ischema_names'):
            self.ischema_names = {
                const.dbByte:       AcBinary,
                const.dbInteger:    AcInteger,
                const.dbLong:       AcInteger,
                const.dbSingle:     AcFloat,
                const.dbDouble:     AcFloat,
                const.dbDate:       AcDateTime,
                const.dbLongBinary: AcBinary,
                const.dbMemo:       AcText,
                const.dbBoolean:    AcBoolean,
                const.dbText:       AcUnicode, # All Access strings are unicode
            }
            
        # A fresh DAO connection is opened for each reflection
        # This is necessary, so we get the latest updates
        dtbs = daoEngine.OpenDatabase(connection.engine.url.database)
        
        try:
            for tbl in dtbs.TableDefs:
                if tbl.Name.lower() == table.name.lower():
                    break
            else:
                raise exceptions.NoSuchTableError(table.name)

            for col in tbl.Fields:
                coltype = self.ischema_names[col.Type]
                if col.Type == const.dbText:
                    coltype = coltype(col.Size)

                colargs = \
                {
                    'nullable': not(col.Required or col.Attributes & const.dbAutoIncrField),
                }
                default = col.DefaultValue

                if col.Attributes & const.dbAutoIncrField:
                    colargs['default'] = schema.Sequence(col.Name + '_seq')
                elif default:
                    if col.Type == const.dbBoolean:
                        default = default == 'Yes' and '1' or '0'
                    colargs['default'] = schema.PassiveDefault(sql.text(default))

                table.append_column(schema.Column(col.Name, coltype, **colargs))

                # TBD: check constraints

            # Find primary key columns first
            for idx in tbl.Indexes:
                if idx.Primary:
                    for col in idx.Fields:
                        thecol = table.c[col.Name]
                        table.primary_key.add(thecol)
                        if isinstance(thecol.type, AcInteger) and \
                                not (thecol.default and isinstance(thecol.default.arg, schema.Sequence)):
                            thecol.autoincrement = False

            # Then add other indexes
            for idx in tbl.Indexes:
                if not idx.Primary:
                    if len(idx.Fields) == 1:
                        col = table.c[idx.Fields[0].Name]
                        if not col.primary_key:
                            col.index = True
                            col.unique = idx.Unique
                    else:
                        pass # TBD: multi-column indexes
                

            for fk in dtbs.Relations:
                if fk.ForeignTable != table.name:
                    continue
                scols = [c.ForeignName for c in fk.Fields]
                rcols = ['%s.%s' % (fk.Table, c.Name) for c in fk.Fields]
                table.append_constraint(schema.ForeignKeyConstraint(scols, rcols))

        finally:
            dtbs.Close()

    def table_names(self, connection, schema):
        # A fresh DAO connection is opened for each reflection
        # This is necessary, so we get the latest updates
        dtbs = daoEngine.OpenDatabase(connection.engine.url.database)

        names = [t.Name for t in dtbs.TableDefs if t.Name[:4] != "MSys" and t.Name[:4] <> "~TMP"]
        dtbs.Close()
        return names


class AccessCompiler(compiler.DefaultCompiler):
    def visit_select_precolumns(self, select):
        """Access puts TOP, it's version of LIMIT here """
        s = select.distinct and "DISTINCT " or ""
        if select.limit:
            s += "TOP %s " % (select.limit)
        if select.offset:
            raise exceptions.InvalidRequestError('Access does not support LIMIT with an offset')
        return s

    def limit_clause(self, select):
        """Limit in access is after the select keyword"""
        return ""

    def binary_operator_string(self, binary):
        """Access uses "mod" instead of "%" """
        return binary.operator == '%' and 'mod' or binary.operator

    def label_select_column(self, select, column, asfrom):
        if isinstance(column, expression._Function):
            return column.label()
        else:
            return super(AccessCompiler, self).label_select_column(select, column, asfrom)

    function_rewrites =  {'current_date':       'now',
                          'current_timestamp':  'now',
                          'length':             'len',
                          }
    def visit_function(self, func):
        """Access function names differ from the ANSI SQL names; rewrite common ones"""
        func.name = self.function_rewrites.get(func.name, func.name)
        super(AccessCompiler, self).visit_function(func)

    def for_update_clause(self, select):
        """FOR UPDATE is not supported by Access; silently ignore"""
        return ''

    # Strip schema
    def visit_table(self, table, asfrom=False, **kwargs):
        if asfrom:
            return self.preparer.quote(table, table.name)
        else:
            return ""


class AccessSchemaGenerator(compiler.SchemaGenerator):
    def get_column_specification(self, column, **kwargs):
        colspec = self.preparer.format_column(column) + " " + column.type.dialect_impl(self.dialect, _for_ddl=column).get_col_spec()

        # install a sequence if we have an implicit IDENTITY column
        if (not getattr(column.table, 'has_sequence', False)) and column.primary_key and \
                column.autoincrement and isinstance(column.type, types.Integer) and not column.foreign_key:
            if column.default is None or (isinstance(column.default, schema.Sequence) and column.default.optional):
                column.sequence = schema.Sequence(column.name + '_seq')

        if not column.nullable:
            colspec += " NOT NULL"

        if hasattr(column, 'sequence'):
            column.table.has_sequence = column
            colspec = self.preparer.format_column(column) + " counter"
        else:
            default = self.get_column_default_string(column)
            if default is not None:
                colspec += " DEFAULT " + default

        return colspec

class AccessSchemaDropper(compiler.SchemaDropper):
    def visit_index(self, index):
        self.append("\nDROP INDEX [%s].[%s]" % (index.table.name, index.name))
        self.execute()

class AccessDefaultRunner(base.DefaultRunner):
    pass

class AccessIdentifierPreparer(compiler.IdentifierPreparer):
    reserved_words = compiler.RESERVED_WORDS.copy()
    reserved_words.update(['value', 'text'])
    def __init__(self, dialect):
        super(AccessIdentifierPreparer, self).__init__(dialect, initial_quote='[', final_quote=']')


dialect = AccessDialect
dialect.poolclass = pool.SingletonThreadPool
dialect.statement_compiler = AccessCompiler
dialect.schemagenerator = AccessSchemaGenerator
dialect.schemadropper = AccessSchemaDropper
dialect.preparer = AccessIdentifierPreparer
dialect.defaultrunner = AccessDefaultRunner