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   Clause 5: No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any
   State.
   
   Clause 6: No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce
   or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall
   Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or
   pay Duties in another.
   
   Clause 7: No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in
   Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and
   Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be
   published from time to time.
   
   Clause 8: No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States:
   And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall,
   without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument,
   Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or
   foreign State.
   
  Section. 10.
  
   Clause 1: No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or
   Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit
   Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in
   Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or
   Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of
   Nobility.
   
   Clause 2: No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any
   Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely
   necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of
   all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall
   be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws
   shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.
   
   Clause 3: No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any
   Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter
   into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign
   Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent
   Danger as will not admit of delay.
   
Article. II.

  Section. 1.
  
   Clause 1: The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the
   United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of
   four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same
   Term, be elected, as follows
   
   Clause 2: Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature
   thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of
   Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the
   Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an
   Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed
   an Elector.
   
   Clause 3: The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote
   by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an
   Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a
   List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for
   each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to
   the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the
   President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the
   Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the
   Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having
   the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be
   a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be
   more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of
   Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by
   Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority,
   then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like
   Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes
   shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having
   one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or
   Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the
   States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice
   of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of
   the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain
   two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by
   Ballot the Vice President. (See Note 8)
   
   Clause 4: The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors,
   and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be
   the same throughout the United States.
   
   Clause 5: No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the
   United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall
   be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be
   eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of
   thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the
   United States.
   
   Clause 6: In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of
   his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and
   Duties of the said Office, (See Note 9) the Same shall devolve on the
   VicePresident, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of
   Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and
   Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President,
   and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be
   removed, or a President shall be elected.
   
   Clause 7: The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his
   Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor
   diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and
   he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the
   United States, or any of them.
   
   Clause 8: Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall
   take the following Oath or Affirmation:--"I do solemnly swear (or
   affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the
   United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect
   and defend the Constitution of the United States."
   
  Section. 2.
  
   Clause 1: The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and
   Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States,
   when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may
   require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of
   the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of
   their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves
   and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of
   Impeachment.
   
   Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of
   the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators
   present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and
   Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public
   Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other
   Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein
   otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the
   Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as
   they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in
   the Heads of Departments.
   
   Clause 3: The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that
   may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions
   which shall expire at the End of their next Session.
   
  Section. 3.
  
   He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the
   State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures
   as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary
   Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of
   Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he
   may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall
   receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care
   that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the
   Officers of the United States.
   
  Section. 4.
  
   The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United
   States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and
   Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and
   Misdemeanors.
   
Article. III.

  Section. 1.
  
   The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one
   supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from
   time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and
   inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and
   shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation,
   which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.
   
  Section. 2.
  
   Clause 1: The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and
   Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United
   States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their
   Authority;--to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers
   and Consuls;--to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to
   Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;--to
   Controversies between two or more States;--between a State and
   Citizens of another State; (See Note 10)--between Citizens of
   different States, --between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands
   under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens
   thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.
   
   Clause 2: In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers
   and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme
   Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before
   mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both
   as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations
   as the Congress shall make.
   
   Clause 3: The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment,
   shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the
   said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within
   any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress
   may by Law have directed.
   
  Section. 3.
  
   Clause 1: Treason against the United States, shall consist only in
   levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them
   Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the
   Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in
   open Court.
   
   Clause 2: The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of
   Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood,
   or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.
   
Article. IV.

  Section. 1.
  
   Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts,
   Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the
   Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts,
   Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.
   
  Section. 2.
  
   Clause 1: The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all
   Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
   
   Clause 2: A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other
   Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State,
   shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he
   fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction
   of the Crime.
   
   Clause 3: No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the
   Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law
   or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but
   shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or
   Labour may be due. (See Note 11) 
   
  Section. 3.
  
   Clause 1: New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union;
   but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of
   any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or
   more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the
   Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.
   
   Clause 2: The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all
   needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other
   Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this
   Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the
   United States, or of any particular State.
   
  Section. 4.
  
   The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a
   Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against
   Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive
   (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.
   
Article. V.

   The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it
   necessary, shall propose [1]Amendments to this Constitution, or, on
   the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several
   States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in
   either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of
   this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths
   of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as