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                        THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION
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   (See Note 1)
   
   We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect
   Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the
   common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings
   of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish
   this Constitution for the United States of America.
   
Article. I.

  Section 1.
  
   All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of
   the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of
   Representatives.
   
  Section. 2.
  
   Clause 1: The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members
   chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the
   Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for
   Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
   
   Clause 2: No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have
   attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a
   Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an
   Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.
   
   Clause 3: Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among
   the several States which may be included within this Union, according
   to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to
   the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for
   a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all
   other Persons. (See Note 2) The actual Enumeration shall be made
   within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the
   United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such
   Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives
   shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall
   have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be
   made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three,
   Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one,
   Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight,
   Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South
   Carolina five, and Georgia three.
   
   Clause 4: When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State,
   the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill
   such Vacancies.
   
   Clause 5: The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and
   other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.
   
  Section. 3.
  
   Clause 1: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two
   Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, (See Note
   3) for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.
   
   Clause 2: Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of
   the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into
   three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be
   vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at
   the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the
   Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every
   second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise,
   during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive
   thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the
   Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies. (See Note 4)
   
   Clause 3: No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to
   the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United
   States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that
   State for which he shall be chosen.
   
   Clause 4: The Vice President of the United States shall be President
   of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.
   
   Clause 5: The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a
   President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when
   he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.
   
   Clause 6: The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all
   Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or
   Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the
   Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without
   the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.
   
   Clause 7: Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further
   than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy
   any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the
   Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to
   Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.
   
  Section. 4.
  
   Clause 1: The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for
   Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the
   Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or
   alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.
   
   Clause 2: The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and
   such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, (See Note 5)
   unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.
   
  Section. 5.
  
   Clause 1: Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and
   Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall
   constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn
   from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of
   absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House
   may provide.
   
   Clause 2: Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings,
   punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence
   of two thirds, expel a Member.
   
   Clause 3: Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from
   time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their
   Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of
   either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of
   those Present, be entered on the Journal.
   
   Clause 4: Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall,
   without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days,
   nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be
   sitting.
   
  Section. 6.
  
   Clause 1: The Senators and Representatives shall receive a
   Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid
   out of the Treasury of the United States. (See Note 6) They shall in
   all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace,
   beprivileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of
   their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same;
   and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be
   questioned in any other Place.
   
   Clause 2: No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for
   which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the
   Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the
   Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no
   Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member
   of either House during his Continuance in Office.
   
  Section. 7.
  
   Clause 1: All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House
   of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with
   Amendments as on other Bills.
   
   Clause 2: Every Bill which shall have passed the House of
   Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be
   presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he
   shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to
   that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the
   Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If
   after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to
   pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the
   other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if
   approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in
   all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas
   and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill
   shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any
   Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays
   excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be
   a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by
   their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a
   Law.
   
   Clause 3: Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of
   the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a
   question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the
   United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be
   approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two
   thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the
   Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
   
  Section. 8.
  
   Clause 1: The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes,
   Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the
   common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all
   Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United
   States;
   
   Clause 2: To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;
   
   Clause 3: To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the
   several States, and with the Indian Tribes;
   
   Clause 4: To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform
   Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;
   
   Clause 5: To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign
   Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;
   
   Clause 6: To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the
   Securities and current Coin of the United States;
   
   Clause 7: To establish Post Offices and post Roads;
   
   Clause 8: To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by
   securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive
   Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;
   
   Clause 9: To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;
   
   Clause 10: To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the
   high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;
   
   Clause 11: To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and
   make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;
   
   Clause 12: To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money
   to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;
   
   Clause 13: To provide and maintain a Navy;
   
   Clause 14: To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land
   and naval Forces;
   
   Clause 15: To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the
   Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;
   
   Clause 16: To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the
   Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the
   Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively,
   the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the
   Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
   
   Clause 17: To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever,
   over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, byCession
   of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat
   of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority
   over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the
   State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts,
   Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;--And
   
   Clause 18: To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for
   carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers
   vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or
   in any Department or Officer thereof.
   
  Section. 9.
  
   Clause 1: The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the
   States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be
   prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight
   hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such
   Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.
   
   Clause 2: The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be
   suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public
   Safety may require it.
   
   Clause 3: No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
   
   Clause 4: No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in
   Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be
   taken. (See Note 7)