user.dbk

虚拟计算机源代码,一个虚拟计算机的源码,做虚拟计算机的朋友可以

try to keep your directory in sync with the version you chose.  In other
words, when developers check in changes you will not
see them because your directory is "stuck" looking at an old version.
To clear the sticky tag, use <command>cvs update -A</command>.
</para>

<para>
A variation on the sticky tag concept is a sticky date<footnote>
<para>
According to some sources, this is when you eat dinner with someone, and
accidently spill a drink on him/her.
</para>
</footnote>.  If some feature was working at some time in the past, but
is no longer working, you can ask CVS to give you the sources from any
date.  <command>cvs update -D 2001-06-14</command> will download the
Bochs source as they were on June 14, 2001.  Again, use <command>-A</command>
to clear the sticky date and track the current sources.
</para>
</section>

<section><title>More about CVS</title>
<para>
Entire books have been written on CVS, so there's no sense in duplicating
it all here in the Bochs documentation.  Some sources of additional
information are listed below.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>The <ulink url="http://www.cvshome.org">cvshome.com
site</ulink> has tons of CVS FAQs and documentation, including the official CVS
manual by Per Cederqvist.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Another <ulink url="http://www.cs.utah.edu/dept/old/texinfo/cvs/FAQ.txt">CVS FAQ</ulink> is available at University of Utah.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

</section>


</section> <!-- End of Installation:Getting the source code with CVS -->


<section id="install-binary"><title>Installing a Binary</title>

<para>
This section is divided up by platform, since installing a binary package
is different on different platforms.
</para>

<section><title>Windows</title>
<para>
unzip into some directory.  Look for DOC-win32.html
for more instructions.  Quick start: find dlxlinux/start.bat and
double click
</para>
<para>
&FIXME;
Someone needs to write this.
</para>
</section> <!-- end of Installing a Binary:Windows -->

<section id="linuxrpm">
<title>Linux RPM</title>
<para>
RPM stands for "RedHat Package Manager."  An RPM is a compressed file
containing files to be installed on your system.  Many Linux distributions,
not just RedHat ones, can install files from an RPM.  Debian packages are
available for Bochs as well, but this section talks deals with RPMs.  First,
download the Bochs RPM for your architecture to your computer.  For example, if
you have an Intel-compatible computer, be sure to get the RPM that says "for
Linux x86 distributions."  Once you have the package on your local disk, you
should be able to install it as follows<footnote>
<para>
Many distributions have their own RPM installer program, often graphical, and
they should work as well.  It is helpful to be able to see the text output from
RPM, so if you use a fancy RPM installer, be sure to find the text output and
check that it looks correct.
</para>
</footnote>:

<figure><title>Installing an RPM in Linux</title>
<screen>
  user$ <command>su</command>
  Password: 
  root# <command>ls -l bochs-1.2.1.i386.rpm</command>
  -rw-rw-r--    1 user     user      1877515 Sep 14 09:02 bochs-1.2.1.i386.rpm
  root# <command>rpm -i bochs-1.2.1.i386.rpm</command>
  Looking for fonts to install... /usr/local/bochs/latest/
  Looking for X11 Font Path... /usr/lib/X11/fonts
  Installing vga.pcf... ok    (it was already there)
  Running mkfontdir...
  Done installing Bochs fonts for X11.
  root# exit
  user$ _
</screen>
</figure>
</para>

<note>
<para>
All RPM installations are done as the root user because they require permission
to update system files and directories.  If you do not have root access you
need to compile Bochs in your home directory.
</para>
</note>

<tip>
<para>
If RPM installation fails, try running <command>rpm -e bochs</command> first to
erase any old bochs RPMs.  

VGA Font failure?  For now, look at old bochs docs for now for instructions on
installing the VGA font by hand. &FIXME;

Missing RPM dependencies?  Try --nodeps option.
</para>
</tip>

<para>
The Bochs RPM installs three new commands and associated manual pages: bochs,
bochs-dlx, and bximage.  First, let's try out the DLX Linux demo by typing
<command>bochs-dlx</command>.  This command is installed into 
<filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>, so you might need to add that
directory to your <varname>PATH</varname> variable.

<screen>
  user$ bochs-dlx
  Checking for bochs binary...ok
  Checking for DLX linux directory...ok
  Entering /usr/local/bochs/dlxlinux
  Running bochs
  ========================================================================
                         Bochs x86 Emulator 1.2.1
                               June 12, 2001
  ========================================================================
  00000000000 [    ] looking for configuration in .bochsrc
  00000000000 [    ] looking for configuration in bochsrc
  00000000000 [    ] looking for configuration in bochsrc.txt
  00000000000 [    ] reading configuration from bochsrc.txt
  00000000000 [    ] using log file bochsout.txt
</screen>
Then you get a new X11 window containing the VGA display of the simulated
machine.  First you see the VGA BIOS screen, then Linux uncompresses and
boots, and you get a login prompt.  Type "root" and ENTER to log in to
DLX linux.
<figure>
<title>DLX Linux screenshot, running on Linux</title>
<graphic format="GIF" fileref="dlxlinux-in-linux.gif">
</figure>
</para>

<para>
If you get the DLX Linux screen, your Bochs installation is working 
correctly.  This documentation will assume that everything is working
as expected, then there are some tips at the end in case any step goes wrong.
</para>

<para>
&FIXME;
Point to all the files that get installed with the RPM: binaries,
BIOSes, DLX linux, HTML docs and man pages, etc.
</para>

</section> <!-- end of Installing a Binary:Linux section -->

</section> <!-- end of Installing a Binary -->

<section id="compiling"><title>Compiling Bochs</title>

  <section><title>Standard Compile</title>
<para>
Bochs is written in C++, so you need a C++ compiler on your system.  Most
platforms have been tested with GNU gcc/g++, but other compilers are known
to work too.  By now, you should have unpacked your source TAR file or checked
out Bochs from CVS.  If not, you can return to <link
linkend="downloading">Downloading Bochs</link> for details.  The top level
directory of the source code will be referred to as &bochsdir;.  (&bochsdir;
contains the files <filename>bochs.h</filename> and
<filename>main.cc</filename> and subdirectories <filename>cpu</filename> and
<filename>bios</filename>.) 
</para>

<para>
The standard compile process has three basic steps:
<command>configure</command>, <command>make</command>, and <command>make
install</command>.  Each step is described in a separate section below.  The
standard compile process is used on all Unix machines, MacOS X, BeOS, and 
Cygwin (win32).  There are separate instructions for <link
linkend="compiling-win32">compiling for Win32 with Microsoft VC++</link>.
</para>

<section id="configure"><title>Configure</title>

<para>
There is a script called <command>configure</command> which tests your
machine, C/C++ compiler and libraries to discover what settings should work on
your system.  If you run <command>configure</command> with no arguments after
it, defaults will be used for all settings.  To change the settings, you can
run <command>configure</command> with options that override the 
defaults.  You can get a list of valid configure options by typing
<command>configure --help</command>.  One useful configure option is
--prefix=<replaceable>directory</replaceable>, which sets the directory in
which Bochs will be installed.  All the possible configure options are
documented in a <link linkend="config-opts">later section</link>.  


</para>

<para>
Among other things, the configure script tries to detect your platform
and which compile options to use.  If you want to control this, set these
environment variables before running configure: <varname>CC</varname>,
<varname>CXX</varname>, <varname>CFLAGS</varname>,
<varname>CXXFLAGS</varname>.  Here is an example that sets the environment
variables, using bash/ksh<footnote>
<para>
The syntax for bash and ksh is given.  In csh and variants, use the syntax
<command>setenv <replaceable>VARIABLE</replaceable>
<replaceable>value</replaceable></command> to change environment variables.
Do not use an equal sign for csh!
</para>
</footnote>
syntax:
<screen>
  export CC=egcs
  export CXX="$CC"
  export CFLAGS="-Wall -O2 -m486 -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe"
  export CXXFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
</screen>
</para>

<para>
Once the configure script knows what options are selected,
it creates a Makefile in every source code directory, and creates 
<filename>$BOCHS/config.h</filename> with all the option values written
as preprocessor #defines.  Now the sources are ready to compile.
</para>

<section><title>Configure Shortcut Scripts</title>
<para>
In the Bochs source directory, you will see a series of scripts called
<filename>.conf.<replaceable>platform</replaceable></filename>.
These scripts run the <command>configure</command> script for you, with a set of
options that are appropriate for that platform.  It is not necessary to
use the shortcut scripts; they are simply there to show you an example that
the developers have used.

<tip>
<para>
If a shortcut script is "almost right" for you, just edit it and then run it!
If you run a shortcut script, you don't need to run configure manually.  
</para>
</tip>

Run a shortcut script using Bourne shell, like this:
<screen>
  sh .conf.win32-vcpp
</screen>

These <filename>.conf.<replaceable>platform</replaceable></filename> have 
been tested in recent Bochs versions:
<screen>
  .conf.linux
  .conf.sparc
  .conf.macosx
  .conf.win32-vcpp
  .conf.win32-cygwin
  .conf.AIX.4.3.1
  .conf.beos-x86-R4
</screen>
</para>

</section> <!-- end of Configure Shortcut Scripts -->

</section> <!-- end of Compiling:Unix:Configure -->


<section><title>Make</title>
<para>
The <command>make</command> command compiles Bochs.  Make is a program
used by many software projects that reads the &Makefile; in each source
directory and follows the instructions that it finds there.  A &Makefile; tells
which files depend on which other files, what commands to use to compile and
link the code, and more.  After you have finished the configure step, just type
<command>make</command> to build the source code.  
</para> 

<para>
The reason that make is so popular is that it is smart about when to compile
and when not to compile.  If you run make once, it compiles every file.  But
when you run it again, it checks to see if any source files have been modified;
if not, there's nothing to do!  For example, the &Makefile; says that
<filename>main.o</filename> depends on <filename>main.cc</filename>.  Knowing 
this, it will only compile <filename>main.cc</filename> if it is newer than
<filename>main.o</filename>.
</para>

<para>
Of course, make can only do the right thing if the &Makefile; lists all the
dependencies correctly, so human error can sometimes lead make astray.
If make refuses to build something that you think it should, or you 
are getting strange compile errors, try doing <command>make all-clean</command>
and then <command>make</command> again.  All-clean means to clean up
the compiled files in every subdirectory, while <command>make clean</command>
means to clean up just the current directory<footnote>

<para>
This is different from the terminology of some other projects, and it may cause
confusion.  Sometimes "clean" implies that all subdirectories are affected.
</para>
</footnote>.  However, it's important to note that <command>make
all-clean</command> leaves the configuration intact.  You do not have
to run <command>configure</command> again.
</para>

<para>
If you're really in the mood for cleaning, <command>make dist-clean</command>
erases all the configuration information too.  In theory, after a dist-clean
your directory should look much like when you first untarred it or checked it
out.  There's usually some extra stuff lying around, but the &Makefile; tries
at least to erase any files that it created.
</para>

</section>

<section><title>Make Install</title>
<para>
Once the program has been built, the next step is typically to run
<command>make install</command> to copy the executables, documentation, and
other required files into a public place so that all users can use it.
<footnote><para>
&FIXME; We should mention what gets installed, and where.
    /usr/local/bochs/$VERSION/*
    /usr/local/bin/bochs (and bximage)
    /usr/man/man1/bochs*.1 (and bximage.1)
    make install_dlx option
</para></footnote>
</para>
</section>

</section>  <!-- end of Compiling:Unix section -->