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(The) 361.93 736.95 T(full) 383.3 736.95 T(thesis) 402.67 736.95 T(is) 432.71 736.95 T(a) 443.42 736.95 T(v) 448.51 736.95 T(ailable) 454.21 736.95 T(either) 488.91 736.95 T(as) 518.94 736.95 T(PDF or PostScript \336le from the author) 63.64 722.95 T(.) 246.31 722.95 T1 16 Q(4.4) 63.64 678.28 T(Forward Solution and Model Parametrization) 120.33 678.28 T0 12 Q0.12 (The) 63.64 651.95 S0.12 (importance) 85.05 651.95 S0.12 (of) 142.62 651.95 S0.12 (the) 155.25 651.95 S0.12 (forward) 172.66 651.95 S0.12 (solution) 213.87 651.95 S0.12 (calculation) 255.89 651.95 S0.12 (for) 312.25 651.95 S0.12 (seismic) 328.99 651.95 S0.12 (tomography) 368.22 651.95 S0.12 (has) 429.8 651.95 S0.12 (already) 448.55 651.95 S0.12 (been) 487.09 651.95 S0.12 (em-) 512.62 651.95 S0.12 (phasized) 63.64 636.95 S0.12 (at) 109.78 636.95 S0.12 (the) 121.88 636.95 S0.12 (beginning) 140.1 636.95 S0.12 (of) 192.38 636.95 S0.12 (this) 205.81 636.95 S0.12 (chapter) 226.82 636.95 S0.12 (\050p.) 266.17 636.95 S0.12 (70ff\051.) 282.73 636.95 S0.12 (Unfortunately) 313.63 636.95 S0.12 (it) 385.7 636.95 S0.12 (is) 395.81 636.95 S0.12 (up) 407.25 636.95 S0.12 (to) 422.69 636.95 S0.12 (now) 435.46 636.95 S0.12 (not) 459.68 636.95 S0.12 (possible) 478.57 636.95 S0.12 (to) 522.06 636.95 S0.12 (use) 63.64 621.95 S0.12 (full) 82.44 621.95 S0.12 (3D) 102.03 621.95 S0.12 (wave-theory) 119.38 621.95 S0.12 (in) 183.12 621.95 S0.12 (seismic) 195.13 621.95 S0.12 (tomography.) 234.42 621.95 S0.12 (Computation) 299.18 621.95 S0.12 (of) 365.62 621.95 S0.12 (theoretical) 378.3 621.95 S0.12 (travel) 432.71 621.95 S0.12 (times) 463.2 621.95 S0.12 (is) 492.25 621.95 S0.12 (there-) 502.93 621.95 S0.12 (fore) 63.64 606.95 S0.12 (restricted) 86.13 606.95 S0.12 (to) 134.68 606.95 S0.12 (ray) 146.95 606.95 S0.12 (theory,) 165.33 606.95 S0.12 (the) 202.53 606.95 S0.12 (high-frequency) 220.25 606.95 S0.12 (approximation) 297.93 606.95 S0.12 (of) 372.19 606.95 S0.12 (the) 385.12 606.95 S0.12 (elastodynamic) 402.84 606.95 S0.12 (equation) 476.42 606.95 S0.12 (of) 521.4 606.95 S0.12 (motion.) 63.64 591.95 S0.12 (One) 105.04 591.95 S0.12 (should) 128.96 591.95 S0.12 (be) 165.24 591.95 S0.12 (aware) 180.37 591.95 S0.12 (that) 213.17 591.95 S0.12 (in) 235.21 591.95 S0.12 (inhomogeneous) 248.35 591.95 S0.12 (media) 329.46 591.95 S0.12 (the) 362.95 591.95 S0.12 (high-frequency) 381.54 591.95 S0.12 (approximation) 460.08 591.95 S0.12 (is) 63.64 576.95 S0.12 (only) 74.63 576.95 S0.12 (valid) 99.19 576.95 S0.12 (if) 126.54 576.95 S0.12 (the) 136.85 576.95 S0.12 (velocity) 154.62 576.95 S0.12 (gradient) 196.99 576.95 S0.12 (is) 240.02 576.95 S0.12 (small) 251.01 576.95 S0.12 (comapred) 280.36 576.95 S0.12 (to) 331.38 576.95 S0.12 (the) 343.71 576.95 S0.12 (frequency) 361.48 576.95 S0.12 (of) 413.28 576.95 S0.12 (the) 426.26 576.95 S0.12 (seismic) 444.03 576.95 S0.12 (wave.) 483.61 576.95 S0.12 (Al-) 515.28 576.95 S0.12 (so,) 63.64 561.95 S0.12 (the) 81.72 561.95 S0.12 (use) 100.79 561.95 S0.12 (of) 121.2 561.95 S0.12 (infinitesimally) 135.49 561.95 S0.12 (thin) 211.35 561.95 S0.12 (rays) 234.55 561.95 S0.12 (too) 259.08 561.95 S0.12 (precisely) 278.83 561.95 S0.12 (constrains) 327.28 561.95 S0.12 (the) 381.19 561.95 S0.12 (location) 400.27 561.95 S0.12 (in) 443.94 561.95 S0.12 (3D) 457.57 561.95 S0.12 (space) 476.53 561.95 S0.12 (from) 507.83 561.95 S0.12 (where) 63.64 546.95 S0.12 (the) 97.29 546.95 S0.12 (information) 116.04 546.95 S0.12 (\050the) 177.76 546.95 S2 F0.12 (D) 200.64 546.95 S3 F0.12 (T) 208.1 546.95 S0 F0.12 (\051) 214.89 546.95 S0.12 (comes,) 222.74 546.95 S0.12 (whereas) 260.86 546.95 S0.12 (in) 304.74 546.95 S0.12 (reality) 318.05 546.95 S0.12 (\050wave) 353.29 546.95 S0.12 (theory\051) 386.93 546.95 S0.12 (the) 426.17 546.95 S0.12 (information) 444.92 546.95 S0.12 (is) 506.64 546.95 S0.12 (al-) 518.62 546.95 S0.12 (ways influenced by a finite volume, the Fresnel volume of the ray.) 63.64 531.95 S0.12 (The) 84.9 516.95 S0.12 (amplitude) 108.23 516.95 S0.12 (of) 161.61 516.95 S0.12 (velocity) 176.16 516.95 S0.12 (heterogeneities) 220.09 516.95 S0.12 (and) 298.85 516.95 S0.12 (their) 320.84 516.95 S0.12 (spatial) 347.75 516.95 S0.12 (extent) 384.23 516.95 S0.12 (which) 418.58 516.95 S0.12 (can) 452.82 516.95 S0.12 (be) 474.14 516.95 S0.12 (resolved) 490.02 516.95 S0.12 (with) 63.64 501.95 S0.12 (3D) 88.94 501.95 S0.12 (tomography) 107.33 501.95 S0.12 (therefore) 170.01 501.95 S0.12 (depends) 217.88 501.95 S0.12 (on) 261.53 501.95 S0.12 (the) 277.25 501.95 S0.12 (accuracy) 295.76 501.95 S0.12 (of) 342.84 501.95 S0.12 (the) 356.56 501.95 S0.12 (ray) 375.07 501.95 S0.12 (theoretical) 394.24 501.95 S0.12 (forward) 449.7 501.95 S0.12 (solution) 492 501.95 S0.12 (\050ray) 63.64 486.95 S0.12 (tracing\051) 86.56 486.95 S0.12 (in) 127.97 486.95 S0.12 (estimating) 140.67 486.95 S0.12 (the) 195 486.95 S0.12 (correct) 213.15 486.95 S0.12 (travel) 250.43 486.95 S0.12 (time) 281.6 486.95 S0.12 (and) 306.55 486.95 S0.12 (path) 327.36 486.95 S0.12 (in) 351.63 486.95 S0.12 (a) 364.34 486.95 S0.12 (given) 372.91 486.95 S0.12 (velocity) 403.3 486.95 S0.12 (model.) 446.05 486.95 S0.12 (The) 482.9 486.95 S0.12 (abso-) 505.05 486.95 S0.12 (lute) 63.64 471.95 S0.12 (accuracy) 84.83 471.95 S0.12 (of) 131.14 471.95 S0.12 (a) 144.09 471.95 S0.12 (ray) 152.25 471.95 S0.12 (tracing) 170.65 471.95 S0.12 (scheme,) 207.52 471.95 S0.12 (however,) 250.06 471.95 S0.12 (is) 298.05 471.95 S0.12 (very) 309.01 471.95 S0.12 (difficult) 333.52 471.95 S0.12 (to) 375.98 471.95 S0.12 (assess.) 388.27 471.95 S0.12 (One) 424.15 471.95 S0.12 (way) 447.22 471.95 S0.12 (to) 470.28 471.95 S0.12 (determine) 482.57 471.95 S0.12 (the) 63.64 456.95 S0.12 (influence) 81.89 456.95 S0.12 (of) 130.84 456.95 S0.12 (ray) 144.31 456.95 S0.12 (tracing) 163.22 456.95 S0.12 (on) 200.6 456.95 S0.12 (tomographic) 216.07 456.95 S0.12 (images) 281.28 456.95 S0.12 (is) 319.22 456.95 S0.12 (to) 330.69 456.95 S0.12 (use) 343.49 456.95 S0.12 (different) 363.07 456.95 S0.12 (forward) 408.69 456.95 S0.12 (solving) 450.74 456.95 S0.12 (schemes) 490.14 456.95 S0.12 (and to compare the results.) 63.64 441.95 S(The) 84.9 426.95 T(combination) 106.68 426.95 T(of) 169.81 426.95 T(approximate) 182.93 426.95 T(raytracing) 246.04 426.95 T(and) 297.81 426.95 T(pseudo-bending) 318.26 426.95 T(in) 398.04 426.95 T(the) 410.5 426.95 T(current) 428.29 426.95 T(version) 465.4 426.95 T(of) 503.85 426.95 T(the) 516.97 426.95 T(S) 63.64 411.95 T0 9.6 Q(IMULPS) 70.31 411.95 T0 12 Q(-code) 105.51 411.95 T(\050further) 134.8 411.95 T(referred) 174.09 411.95 T(to) 214.7 411.95 T(as) 226.67 411.95 T(ART_PB) 239.31 411.95 T(ray) 286.62 411.95 T(tracing\051) 304.58 411.95 T(is) 344.54 411.95 T(proven) 355.18 411.95 T(to) 391.15 411.95 T(work) 403.12 411.95 T(well) 430.42 411.95 T(in) 453.73 411.95 T(most) 465.7 411.95 T(LET) 491.68 411.95 T(ap-) 516.31 411.95 T(plications,) 63.64 396.95 T(but) 116.37 396.95 T(is) 134.76 396.95 T(suspected) 145.83 396.95 T(to) 195.54 396.95 T(yield) 207.94 396.95 T(inaccurate) 235 396.95 T(results) 287.37 396.95 T(for) 321.76 396.95 T(ray) 338.82 396.95 T(paths) 357.2 396.95 T(exceeding) 385.59 396.95 T(~40) 437.3 396.95 T(km) 458.86 396.95 T(length) 477.25 396.95 T(\050e.g.) 510.31 396.95 T(Eberhart-Phillips,) 63.64 381.95 T(1986\051.) 152.39 381.95 T(Also) 187.14 381.95 T(the) 213.56 381.95 T(ART_PB) 231.97 381.95 T(is) 280.4 381.95 T(still) 292.16 381.95 T(an) 313.92 381.95 T(approximate) 329.01 381.95 T(raytracer,) 392.75 381.95 T(which) 442.14 381.95 T(only) 475.22 381.95 T(allows) 500.31 381.95 T(limited) 63.64 366.95 T(deformation) 101.62 366.95 T(of) 164.26 366.95 T(the) 178.24 366.95 T(initially) 196.88 366.95 T(circular) 238.2 366.95 T(ray) 278.83 366.95 T(paths.) 298.14 366.95 T(The) 330.45 366.95 T(dimension) 353.09 366.95 T(of) 407.07 366.95 T(the) 421.05 366.95 T(Ionia95) 439.69 366.95 T(network) 480.33 366.95 T(is) 523.63 366.95 T(about) 63.64 351.95 T(150) 93.78 351.95 T(km) 115.25 351.95 T2 F(\264) 134.06 351.95 T0 F(150) 144.12 351.95 T(km,) 165.59 351.95 T(and) 187.4 351.95 T(based) 208.2 351.95 T(on) 239 351.95 T(the) 254.47 351.95 T(results) 272.61 351.95 T(of) 307.42 351.95 T(Section) 320.89 351.95 T(4.2,) 360.36 351.95 T(velocity) 381.83 351.95 T(variations) 423.97 351.95 T(up) 474.77 351.95 T(to) 490.24 351.95 T2 F(\261) 503.05 351.95 T0 F(15%) 509.64 351.95 T(are) 63.64 336.95 T(to) 80.79 336.95 T(be) 92.62 336.95 T(expected.) 106.45 336.95 T(To) 154.59 336.95 T(assess) 170.42 336.95 T(the) 202.25 336.95 T(effects) 219.41 336.95 T(of) 253.88 336.95 T(possible) 266.38 336.95 T(inaccuracy) 308.21 336.95 T(of) 362.68 336.95 T(the) 375.17 336.95 T(ART_PB) 392.34 336.95 T(ray) 439.51 336.95 T(tracing) 457.33 336.95 T(for) 493.15 336.95 T(such) 509.64 336.95 T(a) 63.64 321.95 T(problem,) 72.37 321.95 T(a) 118.77 321.95 T(highly) 127.51 321.95 T(accurate) 161.58 321.95 T(3D) 204.96 321.95 T(shooting) 223.03 321.95 T(ray) 267.78 321.95 T(tracer,) 286.51 321.95 T(based) 320.22 321.95 T(on) 350.95 321.95 T(Virieux) 366.36 321.95 T(\0501991\051,) 406.42 321.95 T(is) 444.82 321.95 T(implemented) 456.23 321.95 T(in) 522.3 321.95 T(the) 63.64 306.95 T(S) 81.3 306.95 T0 9.6 Q(IMULPS) 87.97 306.95 T0 12 Q( code.) 123.18 306.95 T1 F0.12 (Implementation of an Accurate 3D Raytracer in) 63.64 271.95 S0.12 (S) 318.11 271.95 S1 9.6 Q0.12 (IMULPS) 324.9 271.95 S3 12 Q0.12 (A Short Review of Ray Tracing) 63.64 246.95 S0 F0.12 (As) 63.64 221.95 S0.12 (stated) 80.36 221.95 S0.12 (above,) 112.24 221.95 S0.12 (all) 147.77 221.95 S0.12 (ray) 163.28 221.95 S0.12 (tracing) 182.12 221.95 S0.12 (schemes) 219.44 221.95 S0.12 (employ) 264.09 221.95 S0.12 (the) 303.97 221.95 S0.12 (high-frequency) 322.15 221.95 S0.12 (approach) 400.29 221.95 S0.12 (to) 448.38 221.95 S0.12 (solve) 461.11 221.95 S0.12 (the) 490.2 221.95 S0.12 (elas-) 508.38 221.95 S0.12 (todynamic) 63.64 206.95 S0.12 (wave) 118.86 206.95 S0.12 (equation.) 148.14 206.95 S0.12 (An) 197.03 206.95 S0.12 (exhaustive) 215.42 206.95 S0.12 (discussion) 271.42 206.95 S0.12 (can) 326.11 206.95 S0.12 (for) 346.6 206.95 S0.12 (example) 364.44 206.95 S0.12 (be) 409.41 206.95 S0.12 (found) 424.46 206.95 S0.12 (in) 456.54 206.95 S0.12 (Aki) 469.6 206.95 S0.12 (&) 491.44 206.95 S0.12 (Rich-) 504.37 206.95 S0.12 (ards \0501980\051, here only some basic equations shall be given.) 63.64 191.95 S0.12 (The) 84.9 176.95 S0.12 (scalar) 106.56 176.95 S0.12 (equation) 137.91 176.95 S0.12 (of) 182.84 176.95 S0.12 (wave) 195.73 176.95 S0.12 (propagation) 224.17 176.95 S0.12 (in) 285.46 176.95 S0.12 (an) 297.68 176.95 S0.12 (isotropic) 311.89 176.95 S0.12 (heterogeneous) 357.62 176.95 S0.12 (medium) 431.14 176.95 S0.12 (can) 473.84 176.95 S0.12 (be) 493.5 176.95 S0.12 (writ-) 507.71 176.95 S0.12 (ten as) 63.64 161.95 S0.12 ( ,) 319.74 120.5 S3 F0.12 (\0504-1\051) 507.05 120.5 S244.71 103.25 319.74 144.95 C0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 K2 12 Q0 X(F) 258.77 120.5 T(\321) 245.71 120.5 T0 9 Q(2) 254.27 124.02 T0 12 Q(1) 289.07 127.45 T3 F(v) 286.92 108.25 T0 9 Q(2) 292.71 115 T0 12 Q(-) 286.92 120.78 T(-) 288.92 120.78 T(-) 290.92 120.78 T(-) 292.92 120.78 T(-) 293.21 120.78 T3 F(t) 304.83 108.25 T0 9 Q(2) 308.83 115 T(2) 305.57 137.2 T2 12 Q(\266) 298.15 108.25 T(\266) 298.15 127.45 T(F) 308.58 127.45 T0 F(=) 273.92 120.5 T298.15 123.1 314.92 123.1 2 L0.54 H2 ZN0 0 595.28 841.89 C0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 KFMENDPAGE%%EndPage: "1" 1%%Page: "2" 2595.28 841.89 0 FMBEGINPAGE0 FrameSetSepColorsFrameNoSep0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 K0 12 Q0 X0.12 (where) 63.64 736.95 S2 F0.12 (F) 97.15 736.95 S0 F0.12 (\050) 106.42 736.95 S4 F0.12 (x) 110.54 736.95 S0 F0.12 (,) 116.66 736.95 S3 F0.12 (t) 119.78 736.95 S0 F0.12 (\051) 123.24 736.95 S0.12 (is) 130.95 736.95 S0.12 (a) 142.78 736.95 S0.12 (scalar) 151.82 736.95 S0.12 (wave) 184.12 736.95 S0.12 (field) 213.52 736.95 S0.12 (and) 239.71 736.95 S3 F0.12 (v) 260.99 736.95 S0 F0.12 (\050) 266.43 736.95 S4 F0.12 (x) 270.55 736.95 S0 F0.12 (\051) 276.67 736.95 S0.12 (the) 284.38 736.95 S0.12 (three-dimensional) 303 736.95 S0.12 (velocity) 395.28 736.95 S0.12 (field.) 438.5 736.95 S0.12 (For) 467.81 736.95 S0.12 (high) 488.43 736.95 S0.12 (fre-) 513.84 736.95 S0.12 (quencies a harmonic solution of \0504-1\051 can be given as) 63.64 721.95 S0.12 ( ,) 366.35 694.95 S3 F0.12 (\0504-2\051) 507.05 694.95 S0 F0.12 (where) 63.64 668.95 S0.12 (A\050) 96.63 668.95 S4 F0.12 (x) 109.53 668.95 S0 F0.12 (\051) 115.65 668.95 S0.12 (is) 122.83 668.95 S0.12 (the) 134.15 668.95 S0.12 (amplitude) 152.25 668.95 S0.12 (and) 204.4 668.95 S0.12 (T\050) 225.16 668.95 S4 F0.12 (x) 236.73 668.95 S0 F0.12 (\051) 242.85 668.95 S0.12 (the) 250.04 668.95 S0.12 (travel) 268.13 668.95 S0.12 (time) 299.25 668.95 S0.12 (at) 324.14 668.95 S0.12 (a) 336.12 668.95 S0.12 (point) 344.64 668.95 S4 F0.12 (x) 372.98 668.95 S0 F0.12 (.) 379.1 668.95 S0.12 (This) 385.29 668.95 S0.12 (is) 410.18 668.95 S0.12 (a) 421.5 668.95 S0.12 (high) 430.02 668.95 S0.12 (frequency) 454.91 668.95 S0.12 (solu-) 507.04 668.95 S0.12 (tion) 63.64 653.95 S0.12 (because) 85.45 653.95 S0.12 (only) 126.93 653.95 S0.12 (then) 151.4 653.95 S0.12 (the) 175.21 653.95 S0.12 (amplitude) 192.89 653.95 S0.12 (and) 244.63 653.95 S0.12 (travel) 264.98 653.95 S0.12 (time) 295.68 653.95 S0.12 (function) 320.16 653.95 S0.12 (will) 363.77 653.95 S0.12 (be) 385.59 653.95 S0.12 (frequency) 399.82 653.95 S0.12 (independent.) 451.53 653.95 S0.12 (In-) 517.29 653.95 S0.12 (troducing \0504-2\051 in \0504-1\051 the travel time is described by the Eikonal equation) 63.64 638.95 S3 F0.12 (\0504-3\051) 507.05 605.28 S0 F0.12 (where) 63.64 566.75 S3 F0.12 (u) 97.09 566.75 S0 F0⌨️ 快捷键说明
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