velestuser.ektext

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ITOPO:	Default value: 0

This switch is useful for precise location of shallow earthquakes in areas 

of very rough topography. In order to use this option the USER must 

supply the topographic data and must properly adjust the INPUT 

routine to read the topo array.

   



Figure 7.	Purpose of switches zmin and itopo. Zmin denotes the highest 

possible level for hypocenters to avoid "airquakes".





ITOPO:

= 0	no topographic array is used

= 1 	zmin is set automatically to the topographic height 

at this point (surface), so the source can float 

upward as far as the true Earth surface.

= 2 	each raypoint is checked whether it is below the 

surface or not. Attention: setting itopo to 2 makes 

program VELEST very slow (by a factor 10).

=3 	(and icoordsystem=2): For epicentral distances < 10 

km the first and last ray-segment are each splitted 

into four subsegments. Each of the additional 2 x 3 

raypoints is checked, whether it is below the 

surface or not. Any ray-point in the air is pushed 

below the surface. The new travel time is calculated 

and the total travel time of the ray corrected. See 

subr. BENDRAY for further details. 



ZMIN:	Default value: 0.0

Minimal depth for hypocenters. Used to avoid 'air quakes'.



VELADJ:	Default value: 0.2

Maximal adjustement of layer velocity in each iteration step.



ZADJ:	Default value: 5.0

Maximal adjustement of hypocentral depth in each iteration step.



LOWVELOCLAY:	Default value: 0

=0	no low-velocity layers will result from velocity-

inversion

=1	low-velocity-channels may result

If reflected waves are used, no low-velocity-layers are allowed; if in 

such a case the introduction of a low-velocity-layer is attempted during 

one iteration, the velocity of this layer is set equal to the velocity of the 

layer just above it and a remark is written to the main print output file.



NSP:	Default value: 1

=1	P phases only

=2	P and S phases

=3	P-S relative travel time





SWTFAC:	Default value: 0.5

General weighting factor for S wave data relative to P wave data of 

same observation weight.



VPVS:	Default value: 1.730

VpVs ratio.



NMOD:	Default value: 1

Number of velocity models.



DAMPING PARAMETERS:

Default values for simultaneous mode:

OTHET=0.01   XYTHET=0.01   ZTHET=0.01   VTHET=1.0   STATHET=0.1

OTHET   	= damping of origin-time

XYTHET  	= damping of horizontal hypocentral coordinates

ZTHET   	= damping of hypocentral depth

STATHET 	= damping of station-corrections

VTHET   	= damping of velocity-model



NSINV:	Default value: 1

=0	Do NOT invert for station corrections

=1	invert for station corrections



	NSHCOR and NSHFIX are for specific use of VELEST only. Use default values.



NSHCOR:	Default value: 0	

=0	no shot correction applied

=1	apply shot corrections



NSHFIX:	Default value: 0

=0	Do NOT fix shots

=1	fix shots



	NSHCOR and NSHFIX are for specific use of VELEST only. Use default values.



IUSEELEV:	Default value: 1

=0 	station-elevations are NOT used (assumed all equal 

zero = sea level).  See Figure 6 !!



IUSESTACORR:	Default value: 1

=0	station-corrections from input-file are ignored



ITURBO:	Default value: 1

=1	OUTPUT files 2,7,11,12,77,78,79 are NOT created.

=0	above (large!) OUTPUT files are created



ICNVOUT:	Default value: 1

Option to create *.CNV file with final hypocenters.



ISTAOUT:	Default value: 1

Option to create *out.STA file for station list with final station 

corrections.



ISMPOUT:	Default value: 0

Option to create *.SMP file with summary cards of final hypocenters.



If switches IRAYOUT, IDRVOUT, IALEOUT, IDSPOUT, IRFLOUT, IRFROUT, 

IRESOUT are set to 1 the corresponding output files are written. Default: 0



DELMIN:	Default value: 0.01

	Criterion to stop iteration in single-event-mode.





ITTMAX:	Default value: 5 to 9

=0	no iteration is performed, but all statistics are 

calculated and printed!

=N	N iterations with each consisting of a forward and a 

full inverse solution are performed



INVERTRATIO:	Default value: 1



In simultaneous mode VELEST may either invert for all hypocenters 

and model (with station corrections) parameters [type A] or invert only 

for all hypocenters [type B]. If INVERTRATIO is set to 2, then every 

second iteration is an inversion type A. If it is set to 1, then every 

iteration is of type A.

Example for ITTMAX=5 and INVERTRATIO=3: 

The consequtive iterations would then be of type BBABB.





                                      ________________________





Example of Control File:





******* CONTROL-FILE FOR PROGRAM  V E L E S T  (28-SEPT1993) ******* ***

*** ( all lines starting with  *  are ignored! )

*** ( where no filename is specified, 

***   leave the line BLANK. Do NOT delete!)

***

*** next line contains a title (printed on output):

N. Gabilans Run #6, no station elev, Nov 1994

***		  

***  olat            olon     icoordsystem      zshift   itrial   ztrial    ised

    36.5000     121.2500          0               0.000      0     0.00       0 

***

*** neqs   nshot       rotate

        257      00         0.0

***

*** isingle   iresolcalc

	0          1

***

*** dmax    itopo    zmin     veladj    zadj   lowveloclay

       200.0     0         0.05       0.20    5.00       0

***

*** nsp    swtfac   vpvs       nmod

        1      0.00      0.000        1

***

***    othet   xythet    zthet    vthet   stathet

	0.01    0.01      0.01     01.     0.01

***

*** nsinv   nshcor   nshfix     iuseelev    iusestacorr 

         1            0            0               0            1

***

*** iturbo    icnvout   istaout   ismpout

          1           1              2          0

***

*** irayout   idrvout   ialeout   idspout   irflout   irfrout   iresout 

           0            0             0            0            0            0         0

***

*** delmin   ittmax   invertratio

        0.010       03          1

***

*** Modelfile:

bv.mod

***

*** Stationfile:

bv.sta

***

*** Seismofile:

***

*** File with region names:

***

*** File with region coordinates:

***

*** File #1 with topo data:

***

*** File #2 with topo data:

***

*** DATA INPUT files:

***

*** File with Earthquake data:

bv.cnv

***

*** File with Shot data:



***

*** OUTPUT files:

***

*** Main print output file:

VELMOD06bv.OUT

***

*** File with single event locations:

***

*** File with final hypocenters in *.cnv format:

VELMOD06bv.CNV

***

*** File with new station corrections:

mod06bvsta.OUT

***

*** File with summary cards (e.g. for plotting):

***

*** File with raypoints:

***

*** File with derivatives:

***

*** File with ALEs:

***

*** File with Dirichlet spreads:

***

*** File with reflection points:

***

*** File with refraction points:

***

*** File with residuals:

***

******* END OF THE CONTROL-FILE FOR PROGRAM  V E L E S T  *******





6.2  Content of station list (file *.STA)



The station list contains the name, the station coordinates (latitude, longi-

tude, elevation), and other station parameters necessary for travel time 

studies. These additional parameters are the P- and the S-wave station 

delays, a number defining the velocity models (P and S) corresponding 

with this station (if at all one wants to use different models for different 

groups of stations), and the ICC number.



Example of station list:



(a4,f7.4,a1,1x,f8.4,a1,1x,i4,1x,i1,1x,i3,1x,f5.2,2x,f5.2,3x,i1) 

name	coordinates	elevation	pdelay  sdelay  imod

BAVM	36.6458N 121.0298W 0230 1 003  0.00   0.00   1

BBGM	36.5783N 121.0385W 0312 1 004  0.00   0.00   1

BEHM	36.6647N 121.1742W 0223 1 008  0.00   0.00   1

BEMM	36.6613N 121.0960W 0302 1 009  0.00   0.00   1

	in	icc



ICC: The ICC number corresponds to the unknown station delay parameter 

assigned to this station. If each station has a different number, then all 

station delays are calculated independently. Any two (or more) stations 

that carry the same ICC number will obtain a common station delay. This 

might be usefull for stations with different names that are virtually in the 

same location or very close to each other. The station with the highest ICC 

number is the reference station. This station will maintain its initial 

delay (normally set to zero). Only the P-wave station correction is fixed for 

the reference station, the S-wave correction is free floating.



How to select a reference station?

The reference station should be a high-quality station near the center of 

the station network with a long recording record and with at least 50% of