iserial.c

pic16F877A的串口功能C语言软件

/*
 *	Serial port driver for 16Cxx mid-range PIC devices
 *	(Interrupt-driven)
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1997 HI-TECH Software.
 *	Author: Jeremy Bennett <[e-mail]>
 *	
 *	Comments:
 *	
 *	The major limiting factor in how fast you can go is
 *	the need to sample the RxData line at several times the
 *	desired baud rate when looking for a start bit. 8 times is
 *	used here - less may be possible. With 8 times sampling, the
 *	maximum baud rate that can be reliably achieved with a 4MHz
 *	PIC is 1200 baud. This results in about a 100uS interrupt interval,
 *	with about 30uS used in the interrupt service routine.
 *	
 *	Of course once the start bit has been recognised, the interrupt
 *	interval could be dropped back to the baud rate, but since it's
 *	pretty axiomatic that a PIC will wait for characters much more
 *	than it will actually receive them, this wouldn't help much, and
 *	would make for additional complication.
 *	
 *	Another approach would be to use the external interrupt pin for the serial 
 *  input, and start timing from the interrupt. This would have to be carefully
 *  done to allow simultaneous transmission, though.
 *	
 */

#include	<htc.h>
#include	<conio.h>

#ifdef	_16C71
bit adcconversionflag;	// Used by main so it knows when to do a conversion.
#endif

/*************************************
 *	Tunable parameters
 */

/* Transmit and Receive port bits */
#define TxData RA3		/* bit3 in port A */
#define RxData RA2		/* bit2 in port A */	

#define	XTAL			4000000	/* Crystal frequency (Hz). */
#define	BRATE			1200	/* Baud rate. */
#define RX_OVERSAMPLE	8		/* Amount of oversampling the receiver does. 
								   Must be a power of two */
#define SAMPLE_ADC		200		/* sample the ADC this many interrupts

/*
 *	Don't change anything else
 ************************************/

#define TIMER_VALUE	XTAL / (4 * BRATE * RX_OVERSAMPLE)

// 1 start bit + 8 data bits + 2 stop bits + safe.
#define TRANSMIT_NUM_BITS	13	

#if	(RX_OVERSAMPLE-1)&RX_OVERSAMPLE
#error	RX_OVERSAMPLE_value must be a power of 2
#endif

// Receiver states.
enum receiver_state {
	RS_HAVE_NOTHING,
	RS_WAIT_HALF_A_BIT,
	RS_HAVE_STARTBIT,
	RS_WAIT_FOR_STOP = RS_HAVE_STARTBIT+8
};


static unsigned char	sendbuffer;			// Where the output char is stored.
static unsigned char	receivebuffer;		// Where the input char is stored as 
											// it is received.
static bit 				receivebufferfull;	// 1 = receivebuffer is full.

#ifdef	_16C71
static unsigned char	adcconvertcount;	// How often ADC is read.
#endif

static unsigned char	send_bitno;
static unsigned char	receivestate;		// Initial state of the receiver (0)
static unsigned char	skipoversamples;	// Used to skip receive samples.
static unsigned char	rxshift;
static bit				tx_next_bit;

/**
 * init_uart
 * 
 * Initialises the serial port:
 * 
 * 	Sets up the I/O directions for the appropriate PortA pins;
 * 	Sets up Timer0.
 * 
 * */
void
init_uart(void)
{
	receivestate = RS_HAVE_NOTHING;
	skipoversamples = 1;			// check each interrupt for start bit
	
#ifdef	_16C71
 	adcconvertcount = SAMPLE_ADC;
 	/* 16C71 requires Port A reconfiguration
 	 * Make RA2/3 digital I/0, leave RA0 and RA1 as analog. */
	ADCON1 = 2;		
#endif

	TRISA = 0x17;					// Set up I/O direction.
	TRISB = 0xFE;

	/* Set up the timer. */
	T0CS = 0;						// Set timer mode for Timer0.
	TMR0 = (2-TIMER_VALUE);			// +2 as timer stops for 2 cycles
									// when writing to TMR0
	T0IE = 1;						// Enable the Timer0 interrupt.
	GIE = 1;
}

void
putch(char c)
{
	while(send_bitno)
		continue;
	tx_next_bit = 0;
	sendbuffer = c;
	send_bitno = TRANSMIT_NUM_BITS*RX_OVERSAMPLE;
}

char
getch(void)
{
	while(!receivebufferfull)
		continue;
	receivebufferfull = 0;
	return receivebuffer;
}

bit
kbhit(void)
{
	return receivebufferfull;
}


/**
 * serial_isr
 * 
 * Transmits and receives characters which have been
 * "putch"ed and "getch"ed.
 * 
 * This ISR runs BRATE * RX_OVERSAMPLE times per second.
 * 
 * */
interrupt void
serial_isr(void)
{
	// Reset Timer0 value
	// This is added to TMR0 because there is a delay to get to the isr.
	PORTB |= 1;
	TMR0 += -TIMER_VALUE + 4;	// +2 as timer stops for 2 cycles when writing 
								// to TMR0 +2 for tweak
	T0IF = 0;


#ifdef	_16C71
	/* This will be called every SAMPLE_ADCth time. */
	if(--adcconvertcount == 0) {
		adcconversionflag = 1;
		adcconvertcount = SAMPLE_ADC;
	}
#endif


	/*** RECEIVE ***/

	if( --skipoversamples == 0) {
		skipoversamples++;			// check next time
		switch(receivestate) {

		case RS_HAVE_NOTHING:
			/* Check for start bit of a received char. */
			if(!RxData){
				skipoversamples = RX_OVERSAMPLE/2;
				receivestate++;
			}
			break;

		case RS_WAIT_HALF_A_BIT:
			if(!RxData) {			// valid start bit
				skipoversamples = RX_OVERSAMPLE;
				receivestate++;
			} else
				receivestate = RS_HAVE_NOTHING;
			break;
			
		// case RS_HAVE_STARTBIT: and subsequent values
		default:
			rxshift = (rxshift >> 1) | (RxData << 7);
			skipoversamples = RX_OVERSAMPLE;
			receivestate++;
			break;

		case RS_WAIT_FOR_STOP:
			receivebuffer = rxshift;
			receivebufferfull = 1;
			receivestate = RS_HAVE_NOTHING;
			break;

		}
	}

	
	/*** TRANSMIT ***/
	/* This will be called every RX_OVERSAMPLEth time
	 * (because the RECEIVE needs to over-sample the incoming
	 * data). */

	if(send_bitno) {
	       	if((send_bitno & (RX_OVERSAMPLE-1)) == 0) {
			TxData = tx_next_bit;		// Send next bit.
			tx_next_bit = sendbuffer & 1;
			sendbuffer = (sendbuffer >> 1) | 0x80;
		}
		send_bitno--;
	}
	PORTB &= ~1;
}