onews.3

windows版本的emacs

GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.  17-Aug-1988
Copyright (C) 1988 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end for copying conditions.

For older news, see the file ONEWS.2.

Changes in version 18.52.

* X windows version 10 is supported under system V.

* Pop-up menus are now supported with the same Lisp interface in
both version 10 and 11 of X windows.

* C-x 4 a is a new command to edit a change-log entry in another window.

* The emacs client program now allows an option +NNN to specify the
line number to go to in the file whose name follows.  Thus,
    emacsclient foo.c +45 bar.c
will find the files `foo.c' and `bar.c', going to line 45 in `bar.c'.

* Dired allows empty directories to be deleted like files.

* When the terminal type is used to find a terminal-specific file to
run, Emacs now tries the entire terminal type first.  If that doesn't
yield a file that exists, the last hyphen and what follows it is
stripped.  If that doesn't yield a file that exists, the previous
hyphen is stripped, and so on until all hyphens are gone.  For
example, if the terminal type is `aaa-48-foo', Emacs will try first
`term/aaa-48-foo.el', then `term/aaa-48.el' and finally `term/aaa.el'.

Underscores now receive the same treatment as hyphens.

* Texinfo features: @defun, etc.  texinfo-show-structure.
New template commands.  texinfo-format-region.

* The special "local variable" `eval' is now ignored if you are running
as root.

* New command `c-macro-expand' shows the result of C macro expansion
in the region.  It works using the C preprocessor, so its results
are completely accurate.

* Errors in trying to auto save now flash error messages for a few seconds.

* Killing a buffer now sends SIGHUP to the buffer's process.

* New hooks.

** `spell-region' now allows you to filter the text before spelling-checking.
If the value of `spell-filter' is non-nil, it is called, with no arguments,
looking at a temporary buffer containing a copy of the text to be checked.
It can alter the text freely before the spell program sees it.

** The variable `lpr-command' now specifies the command to be used when
you use the commands to print text (such as M-x print-buffer).

** Posting netnews now calls the value of `news-inews-hook' (if not nil)
as a function of no arguments before the actual posting.

** Rmail now calls the value of `rmail-show-message-hook' (if not nil)
as a function of no arguments, each time a new message is selected.

** `kill-emacs' calls the value of `kill-emacs-hook' as a function of no args.

* New libraries.
See the source code of each library for more information.

** icon.el: a major mode for editing programs written in Icon.

** life.el: a simulator for the cellular automaton "life".  Load the
library and run M-x life.

** doctex.el: a library for converting the Emacs `etc/DOC' file of
documentation strings into TeX input.

** saveconf.el: a library which records the arrangement of windows and
buffers when you exit Emacs, and automatically recreates the same
setup the next time you start Emacs.

** uncompress.el: a library that automatically uncompresses files
when you visit them.

** c-fill.el: a mode for editing filled comments in C.

** kermit.el: an extended version of shell-mode designed for running kermit.

** spook.el: a library for adding some "distract the NSA" keywords to every
message you send.

** hideif.el: a library for hiding parts of a C program based on preprocessor
conditionals.

** autoinsert.el: a library to put in some initial text when you visit
a nonexistent file.  The text used depends on the major mode, and
comes from a directory of files created by you.

* New programming features.

** The variable `window-system-version' now contains the version number
of the window system you are using (if appropriate).  When using X windows,
its value is either 10 or 11.

** (interactive "N") uses the prefix argument if any; otherwise, it reads
a number using the minibuffer.

** VMS: there are two new functions `vms-system-info' and `shrink-to-icon'.
The former allows you to get many kinds of system status information.
See its self-documentation for full details.
The second is used with the window system: it iconifies the Emacs window.

** VMS: the new function `define-logical-name' allows you to create
job-wide logical names.  The old function `define-dcl-symbol' has been
removed.

Changes in version 18.50.

* X windows version 11 is supported.

Define X11 in config.h if you want X version 11 instead of version 10.

* The command M-x gdb runs the GDB debugger as an inferior.
It asks for the filename of the executable you want to debug.

GDB runs as an inferior with I/O through an Emacs buffer.  All the
facilities of Shell mode are available.  In addition, each time your
program stops, and each time you select a new stack frame, the source
code is displayed in another window with an arrow added to the line
where the program is executing.

Special GDB-mode commands include M-s, M-n, M-i, M-u, M-d, and C-c C-f
which send the GDB commands `step', `next', `stepi', `up', `down'
and `finish'.

In any source file, the commands C-x SPC tells GDB to set a breakpoint
on the current line.

* M-x calendar displays a three-month calendar.

* C-u 0 C-x C-s never makes a backup file.

This is a way you can explicitly request not to make a backup.

* `term-setup-hook' is for users only.

Emacs never uses this variable for internal purposes, so you can freely
set it in your `.emacs' file to make Emacs do something special after
loading any terminal-specific setup file from `lisp/term'.

* `copy-keymap' now copies recursive submaps.

* New overlay-arrow feature.

If you set the variable `overlay-arrow-string' to a string
and `overlay-arrow-position' to a marker, that string is displayed on
the screen at the position of that marker, hiding whatever text would
have appeared there.  If that position isn't on the screen, or if
the buffer the marker points into isn't displayed, there is no effect.

* -batch mode can read from the terminal.

It now works to use `read-char' to do terminal input in a noninteractive
Emacs run.  End of file causes Emacs to exit.

* Variables `data-bytes-used' and `data-bytes-free' removed.

These variables cannot really work because the 24-bit range of an
integer in (most ports of) GNU Emacs is not large enough to hold their
values on many systems.

Changes in version 18.45, since version 18.41.

* C indentation parameter `c-continued-brace-offset'.

This parameter's value is added to the indentation of any
line that is in a continuation context and starts with an open-brace.
For example, it applies to the open brace shown here:

     if (x)
       {

The default value is zero.

* Dabbrev expansion (Meta-/) preserves case.

When you use Meta-/ to search the buffer for an expansion of an
abbreviation, if the expansion found is all lower case except perhaps
for its first letter, then the case pattern of the abbreviation
is carried over to the expansion that replaces it.

* TeX-mode syntax.

\ is no longer given "escape character" syntax in TeX mode.  It now
has the syntax of an ordinary punctuation character.  As a result,
\[...\] and such like are considered to balance each other.

* Mail-mode automatic Reply-to field.

If the variable `mail-default-reply-to' is non-`nil', then each time
you start to compose a message, a Reply-to field is inserted with
its contents taken from the value of `mail-default-reply-to'.

* Where is your .emacs file?

If you run Emacs under `su', so your real and effective uids are
different, Emacs uses the home directory associated with the real uid
(the name you actually logged in under) to find the .emacs file.

Otherwise, Emacs uses the environment variable HOME to find the .emacs
file.

The .emacs file is not loaded at all if -batch is specified.

* Prolog mode is the default for ".pl" files.

* File names are not case-sensitive on VMS.

On VMS systems, all file names that you specify are converted to upper
case.  You can use either upper or lower case indiscriminately.

* VMS-only function 'define-dcl-symbol'.

This is a new name for the function formerly called
`define-logical-name'.

Editing Changes in Emacs 18

* Additional systems and machines are supported.

GNU Emacs now runs on Vax VMS.  However, many facilities that are normally
implemented by running subprocesses do not work yet.  This includes listing
a directory and sending mail.  There are features for running subprocesses
but they are incompatible with those on Unix.  I hope that some of
the VMS users can reimplement these features for VMS (compatibly for
the user, if possible).

VMS wizards are also asked to work on making the subprocess facilities
more upward compatible with those on Unix, and also to rewrite their
internals to use the same Lisp objects that are used on Unix to
represent processes.

In addition, the TI Nu machine running Unix system V, the AT&T 3b, and
the Wicat, Masscomp, Integrated Solutions, Alliant, Amdahl uts, Mips,
Altos 3068 and Gould Unix systems are now supported.  The IBM PC-RT is
supported under 4.2, but not yet under system V.  The GEC 93 is close
to working.  The port for the Elxsi is partly merged.  See the file
MACHINES for full status information and machine-specific installation
advice.

* Searching is faster.

Forward search for a text string, or for a regexp that is equivalent
to a text string, is now several times faster.  Motion by lines and
counting lines is also faster.

* Memory usage improvements.

It is no longer possible to run out of memory during garbage
collection.  As a result, running out of memory is never fatal.  This
is due to a new garbage collection algorithm which compactifies
strings in place rather than copying them.  Another consequence of the
change is a reduction in total memory usage and a slight increase in
garbage collection speed.

* Display changes.

** Editing above top of screen.

When you delete or kill or alter text that reaches to the top of the
screen or above it, so that display would start in the middle of a
line, Emacs will usually attempt to scroll the text so that display
starts at the beginning of a line again.

** Yanking in the minibuffer.

The message "Mark Set" is no longer printed when the minibuffer is
active.  This is convenient with many commands, including C-y, that
normally print such a message.

** Cursor appears in last line during y-or-n questions.

Questions that want a `y' or `n' answer now move the cursor
to the last line, following the question.

* Library loading changes.

`load' now considers all possible suffixes (`.elc', `.el' and none)
for each directory in `load-path' before going on to the next directory.
It now accepts an optional fourth argument which, if non-nil, says to
use no suffixes; then the file name must be given in full.  The search
of the directories in `load-path' goes on as usual in this case, but
it too can be prevented by passing an absolute file name.

The value of `load-path' no longer by default includes nil (meaning to
look in the current default directory).  The idea is that `load' should
be used to search the path only for libraries to be found in the standard
places.  If you want to override system libraries with your own, place
your own libraries in one special directory and add that directory to the
front of `load-path'.

The function `load' is no longer a command; that is to say, `M-x load'
is no longer allowed.  Instead, there are two commands for loading files.
`M-x load-library' is equivalent to the old meaning of `M-x load'.
`M-x load-file' reads a file name with completion and defaulting
and then loads exactly that file, with no searching and no suffixes.

* Emulation of other editors.

** `edt-emulation-on' starts emulating DEC's EDT editor.

Do `edt-emulation-off' to return Emacs to normal.

** `vi-mode' and `vip-mode' starts emulating vi.

These are two different vi emulations provided by GNU Emacs users.
We are interested in feedback as to which emulation is preferable.

See the documentation and source code for these functions
for more information.

** `set-gosmacs-bindings' emulates Gosling Emacs.

This command changes many global bindings to resemble those of