tinydb.tex

tinyos中文手册,是根据tinyos系统自带手册翻译过来的,虽然质量不好,但是对英文不强的人还是有用的

\noindent{\tt \hspace{.5in}SELECT\index{Select} roomno, AVG(light), AVG(volume) \\
\hspace*{.5in}FROM\index{From} sensors\index{sensor} \\
\hspace*{.5in}GROUP BY\index{Group By}\index{group} roomno \\
\hspace*{.5in}HAVING\index{Having} AVG(light) > $l$ AND AVG(volume) > $v$ \\
\hspace*{.5in}EPOCH DURATION\index{Epoch Duration} 5min
}

\noindent TinyDB\index{TinyDB} translates this query into an efficient
execution plan\index{query plan} which
delivers the set of occupied rooms every 5 minutes\index{epoch}.  Mary simply inputs this query
into a GUI\index{GUI} -- she writes no C\index{C} code and is freed from 
concerns about how to install her code, how to propagate results across
multiple network hops\index{hop}\index{multi-hop} to the root\index{root} of the network, how to power down sensors\index{sensor} 
during the time when they are not collecting and reporting data, and many other
difficulties associated with sensor-network\index{sensor network} programming.

We discuss the inner workings of TinyDB\index{TinyDB} on such queries in
Sections~\ref{sec:devel} and~\ref{sec:inside} below.  In the remainder of this section, we
present a high-level overview of the components\index{component} of TinyDB\index{TinyDB}.  The system
can be broadly classified into two subsystems:

\begin{enumerate}
\item \underline{Sensor Network\index{sensor network} Software:}  This is the heart of TinyDB\index{TinyDB}, although most users of
the system should never have to modify this code.  It runs on each
mote\index{mote} in the network, and consists of several major pieces:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\it Sensor\index{sensor} Catalog\index{catalog} and Schema\index{schema} Manager}:  The catalog\index{catalog} is responsible for tracking the
set of {\it attributes\index{attribute}}, or types of readings
(e.g.\ light, sound, voltage) and
properties (e.g.\ network parent\index{parent}, node\index{node} ID\index{ID}) available
on each sensor\index{sensor}.  In general, this list is not identical for each sensor\index{sensor}:  networks may consist
of heterogeneous collections of devices, and may be able to report
different properties.  (See
Section~\ref{sec:catalog} for details.)

\item {\it Query Processor\index{query processor}}: The main
component\index{component} of TinyDB\index{TinyDB} consists of a small
query processor\index{query processor}.  The query
processor\index{query processor} uses the catalog\index{catalog} the
fetch the values of local attributes\index{attribute}, receives
sensor\index{sensor} readings from neighboring\index{neighbor}
nodes\index{node} over the radio, combines and
aggregates\index{aggregate} these values together,
filters\index{filter} out undesired data, and outputs values to
parent\index{parent}s.  (See Section~\ref{sec:qp} for details.)

\item {\it Memory Manager}:  TinyDB\index{TinyDB} extends TinyOS\index{TinyOS} with a small, handle-based\index{handle}
  dynamic memory manager.  (See Section~\ref{sec:tinyalloc} for details.)

\item {\it Network Topology\index{topology} Manager}: TinyDB\index{TinyDB} manages the connectivity
  of motes\index{mote} in the network, to efficiently
  route\index{routing} data and query 
  sub-results through the network.  (See Section~\ref{sec:tinydbnetwork}
  for details.)
\end{itemize}
\item \underline{Java\index{Java}-based Client\index{client} Interface:}
A network of TinyDB\index{TinyDB} motes\index{mote} is accessed from a connected PC through the
{\em TinyDB\index{TinyDB} client\index{client} interface}, which consists
of a set of Java\index{Java} classes and applications.  These classes are all stored in the {\tt {\java}/tinyos/tinydb} 
package in the source tree.  The specific classes are described in Section \ref{sec:devel};  major
classes include:
\begin{itemize}
\item A network interface class that allows applications to inject queries and listen for results (Section~\ref{sec:tinydbnet}) 
\item Classes to build and transmit queries (Sections~\ref{sec:tinydbquery}, \ref{sec:tinydbaggop}, \ref{sec:tinydbselop})
\item A class to receive and parse query results (Section~\ref{sec:tinydbqueryresult})
\item A class to extract information about the attributes\index{attribute} and capabilities of devices (Section~\ref{sec:tinydbcatalog})
\item A GUI\index{GUI} to construct queries (Sections~\ref{sec:queryframe}, \ref{sec:queryfield})
\item A graph and table GUI\index{GUI} to display individual sensor\index{sensor} results (Sections~\ref{sec:resultframe}, \ref{sec:resultgraph}, \ref{sec:plot})
\item A GUI\index{GUI} to visualize dynamic network topologies (Section~\ref{sec:topology})
\item An application that uses queries as an interface on top of a network of sensors (Section~\ref{sec:app})\index{sensor}
\end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}

\section{Quick Start:  Running Queries with TinyDB\index{TinyDB}} \label{sec:runningqueries}

In this section, you will learn how to install TinyDB software, set up a network of TinyDB\index{TinyDB} motes\index{mote}, inject a query
into the network, and collect the results of the query.  

\subsection{Installation and Requirements}
TinyDB\index{TinyDB} requires a basic TinyOS\index{TinyOS} installation, with a working Java\index{Java}
installation (and javax.comm library).  
%For installation instructions
%on TinyOS\index{TinyOS}, see the \htmladdnormallink{TinyOS\index{TinyOS} web
%page}{http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/tos}.
It is currently designed to work with the nesC compiler (next generation C-like language for TinyOS) 
and avr-gcc 3.3 \index{avr-gcc}\index{gcc}.  To obtain these tools, download the 
TinyOS 1.1 release from 

\htmladdnormallink{http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/tos}{http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/tos}

Click on the link for your platform (PC Linux or Windows), and
follow the installation instructions.

The most recent version of TinyDB is always available from the TinyOS SourceForge
repository;
%TinyDB\index{TinyDB} is not currently a part of an official TinyOS\index{TinyOS} release.  To obtain
%the code, you will need to check out a recent version of TinyOS from CVS;  
see the
\htmladdnormallink{TinyOS\index{TinyOS} CVS Page}{http://sf.net/cvs/?group_id=28656}
for instructions on using CVS.
In addition to the standard TinyOS\index{TinyOS} distribution, TinyDB includes a number of
additional files detailed in Appendix~\ref{app:files} of this document. The following table summarizes the software requirements of TinyDB: 

\par
\tiny
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline
Required Software & Notes \\
\hline\hline
avr-gcc \index{avr-gcc}\index{gcc} & Version 3.3 or later \\ 
Java SDK \index{Java} & Version 1.4 or later \\
nesC compiler \index{nesC} & From the TinyOS 1.1 release \\
javax.comm tools & Version 1.3 or later, from IBM \\
TinyOS & From SourceForge CVS \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\normalsize
\\

\noindent To verify that your installation is working properly, do the following:

\begin{enumerate}
\item Compile\index{compile} and install TinyDB\index{TinyDB} on the mote\index{mote}.  To do this, connect the mote\index{mote} to
the programming board\index{programming board}, then type the following:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\tt cd \docroot/apps/TinyDBApp/}
\item {\tt make mica}
\item {\tt make mica install}
\end{itemize}
If this fails, verify that your installation works (see the instructions on the web
site), and that you have all of the TinyDB\index{TinyDB} files listed above.

\item Compile\index{compile} and run the TinyDB\index{TinyDB}Main java\index{Java} classes.  To do this, type the following:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\tt cd {\java}/net/tinyos/tinydb}
\item {\tt make}
\item {\tt cd {\java}}
\item {\tt java net.tinyos.tinydb.TinyDBMain}
\end{itemize}

You'll need to make sure you have the following jar files in your classpath (they should all be available in {\tt {\java}/jars}):
\begin{itemize}
\item {\tt JLex.jar}
\item {\tt cup.jar}
\item {\tt plot.jar}
\item {\tt xercesImpl.jar}
\item {\tt xmlParserAPIs.jar}
\end{itemize}

You must also have the {\tt {\java}} directory in your classpath.  


If you wish to take advantage of TinyDB's compatibility with the PostgreSQL\index{PostgreSQL} 
database system, you'll need 
to install and configure Postgres (see Section \ref{postgres}) 
 and include the {\tt pgjdbc2.jar} file in your classpath.

Your {\tt CLASSPATH} should now look something like this:

{\tt
.:{\it /path/to/java}/jre/lib/rt.jar:{\it /path/to/java}/lib/dt.jar:\\
{\it /path/to/java/}lib/tools.jar:/opt/IBMJava2-13/jre/lib/ext/comm.jar:\\
{\java}/jars/plot.jar:{\java}/jars/cup.jar:\\
{\java}/jars/xercesImpl.jar:{\java}/jars/xmlParserAPIs.jar:\\
{\java}/jars/JLex.jar:{\java}
}

If you installed TinyOS and TinyDB
from the TinyOS 1.1 RPMS, your classpath should have been automatically configured to include these
files (as well as a number of files, which should not be a problem.)

\end{enumerate}


\noindent You may see warnings about ``deprecated classes'' when {\tt
javac}\index{javac} runs.  These are OK, and you can ignore them.  After running
the java\index{Java} command, you should see the TinyDB\index{TinyDB} control
panel and query interface appear.

Once you have a working installation of these files, continue on to the next section
to learn how to run queries with TinyDB\index{TinyDB}.

\subsection{Setting up a Network of TinyDB\index{TinyDB} motes\index{mote}}

The first step is to program a number
of motes\index{mote} with the TinyDB\index{TinyDB} software.  Each of these motes\index{mote} must have a unique ID\index{ID};  recall that,
in TinyOS\index{TinyOS}, you can set the ID of a mote\index{mote} when running {\tt make install} by appending {\tt .node\index{node}id}
-- for example, to program a TinyDB\index{TinyDB} mote\index{mote} at ID 2, you would type:

\begin{itemize}
\item {\tt cd \docroot/apps/TinyDBApp/}
\item {\tt make mica install.2}
\end{itemize}

\noindent To run TinyDB\index{TinyDB}, you will need at least two
motes\index{mote}: one to act as the basestation
mote\index{basestation}, and one or more to distribute and run queries
over.  You may want to place a sticker on your chosen basestation
mote, since you will need to identify it visually. All
motes\index{mote}, including the basestation\index{basestation}, run
the same {\tt TinyDBApp} application, however, {\it the
basestation\index{basestation} mote\index{mote} must be set to ID\index{ID} 0.}

After programming your motes\index{mote}, connect the programming
board\index{programming board} to your computer via the serial
port\index{serial}, and place the basestation\index{basestation} mote\index{mote} in the programming
board\index{programming board}.  Turn on all of the motes\index{mote}.

Figure \ref{fig:setup} illustrates the basic setup of motes and PC.  

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering\leavevmode\includegraphics[width=3in]{setup}
\caption{Two TinyDB motes set up to run a query.}
\label{fig:setup}
\end{figure}


\subsection{Running the TinyDB\index{TinyDB}Main GUI\index{GUI}}
\label{sec:GUI}
The TinyDB\index{TinyDB}Main Java\index{Java} application provides a graphical interface for distributing queries 
over motes\index{mote} and collecting data from them.  To run this application, type:

\begin{itemize}
\item {\tt cd {\java}/net/tinyos/tinydb}
\item {\tt make}
\item {\tt cd {\java}}
\item {\tt java net.tinyos.tinydb.TinyDBMain}
\end{itemize}

Two windows should appear; one, the {\it command}\index{command} window (Figure
\ref{fig:command}), allows you to send a variety of control commands
to the motes\index{mote}.  The other, the {\it query} window (Figure
\ref{fig:query}), allows you to build and send queries into the
network.  We will be focusing on the operation of the query window in
the next section; the command window is fairly self-explanatory.

The query window contains a {\bf Display Topology} button to show the
network topology. This button actually generates a particular query
that is executed by the motes, with results displayed in a special
visualization.  It is a good idea to display you network topology and
make sure that all your motes are alive and communicating.

Once you see that your network of motes is operational, you can
proceed to constructing queries.  

\vspace{.1in}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.0}\rm
\fbox{\parbox{.9\columnwidth}{
{\bf TIP:} If you have difficulty sending queries
into the network, verify that the {\tt comm-string}
in {\tt \java/tinydb.conf} has been set correctly;
see Section \ref{sec:configfile} for more information.
A common problem is the wrong setting of the UART baud rate.
The correct baud rates are 19200 for mica and mica2dot,
57600 for mica2.}}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.2}\rm

\begin{figure}
\begin{minipage}{4in}
\begin{center}
\leavevmode
{\includegraphics[width=3in]{querywin}}
\end{center}
\caption{Query Window}
\label{fig:query}

\end{minipage}
\hspace{.5in}
\begin{minipage}{2in}
\begin{center}