gtk-faq.sgml

linux下电话本所依赖的一些图形库

<!doctype book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" []>
<book>

<bookinfo>
  <date>January 14th 2004</date>
  <title>GTK+ FAQ</title>
  <authorgroup>
    <author>
<firstname>Tony</firstname>
<surname>Gale</surname>
    </author>
    <author>
<firstname>Shawn</firstname>
<surname>Amundson</surname>
    </author>
    <author>
<firstname>Emmanuel</firstname>
<surname>Deloget</surname>
    </author>
  </authorgroup>
  <abstract>
    <para> This document is intended to answer questions that are
    likely to be frequently asked by programmers using GTK+ or
    people who are just looking at using GTK+. </para>
    <para><emphasis>Note: </emphasis> This FAQ mainly covers GTK+ 1.2. 
	Where the text covers GTK+ 2.x this will be indicated</para>
  </abstract>
</bookinfo>

<toc></toc>

<!-- ***************************************************************** -->
<chapter>
<title>General Information</title>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->

<sect1>
<title>Note: This FAQ is undergoing conversion to GTK+ 2.x</title>
<para>This FAQ is undergoing conversion to GTK+ 2.x.
Where the text covers GTK+ 2.x this will be indicated by prefixing the
text with: <emphasis>[GTK+ 2.x]</emphasis>. Where this is not
indicated, the text has not yet been updated from GTK+ 1.2 and may
not be totally correct.
</para>
</sect1>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->

<sect1>
<title>Before anything else: the greetings <emphasis>[GTK 2.x]</emphasis></title>
<para>The FAQ authors want to thank:</para>
<itemizedlist spacing=Compact>
<listitem>
<simpara>Havoc Pennington</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Erik Mouw</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Owen Taylor</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Tim Janik</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Thomas Mailund Jensen</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Joe Pfeiffer</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Andy Kahn</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Federico Mena Quntero</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Damon Chaplin</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>and all the members of the GTK+ lists</simpara>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
<para> If we forgot you, please email us! Thanks again (I know,
it's really short :) </para>
</sect1>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->

<sect1>
<title>Authors <emphasis>[GTK 2.x]</emphasis></title>

<para>The original authors of GTK+ were:</para>

<itemizedlist spacing=Compact>
<listitem>
<simpara>Peter Mattis</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Spencer Kimball</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Josh MacDonald</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<para>Since then, much has been added by others. Please see the
AUTHORS file in the distribution for the GTK+ Team. The people currently
contributing the most code to GTK+ are (in no particular order):</para>


<itemizedlist spacing=Compact>
<listitem>
<simpara>Owen Taylor</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Matthias Clasen</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Federico Mena Quintero</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Soeren Sandmann</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Padraig O'Briain</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Manish Singh</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Kristian Rietveld</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>Tor Lillqvist</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>

</sect1>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->

<sect1>
<title>What is GTK+? <emphasis>[GTK 2.x]</emphasis></title>

<para>GTK+ is a multi-platform toolkit for creating graphical user
interfaces, originally designed with
the general look and feel of Motif.  In reality, it looks much
better than Motif.  It contains common and complex widgets, such as
file selection, and color selection widgets.</para>

<para>GTK+ was initially developed as a widget set for the GIMP (GNU Image
Manipulation Program). It has grown extensively since then, and is today
used by a large number of applications, and is the toolkit used by the
<ulink url="http://www.gnome.org/">GNOME</ulink> desktop project.</para>

<para>GTK+ is free software and part of the GNU Project. However, the
licensing terms for GTK+, the GNU LGPL, allow it to be used by all developers,
including those developing proprietary software, without any license fees
or royalties.</para>

<para>GTK+ has been designed from the ground up to support a range of
<ulink url="http://www.gtk.org/bindings.html">
language bindings</ulink>, not only C/C++. Using GTK+ from languages
such as Perl and Python (especially in combination with the Glade GUI
builder) provides an effective method of rapid application
development..</para>
</sect1>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->

<sect1>
<title>What is the + in GTK+? <emphasis>[GTK 2.x]</emphasis></title>

<para>Peter Mattis informed the gtk mailing list that:</para>

<para><quote>I originally wrote gtk which included the three
libraries, libglib, libgdk and libgtk. It featured a flat
widget hierarchy. That is, you couldn't derive a new widget
from an existing one. And it contained a more standard
callback mechanism instead of the signal mechanism now present
in gtk+. The + was added to distinguish between the original
version of gtk and the new version. You can think of it as
being an enhancement to the original gtk that adds object
oriented features.</quote></para>

<para>Although much has changed with GTK+, and Peter, Spencer and Josh
don't have any direct involvement these days, the name is kept to keep
a link with the heritage of GTK+.</para>

<para>GTK+ is now additionally based upon the Pango and ATK
libraries, that provide text layout and rendering and accessibility
interfaces.</para>
</sect1>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->

<sect1>
<title>Does the G in GTK+, GDK and GLib stand for? <emphasis>[GTK 2.x]</emphasis></title>

<para>GTK+ == The GIMP Toolkit</para>
<para>GDK == GTK+ Drawing Kit</para>
<para>GLib == G Library</para>

</sect1>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->

<sect1>
<title>Where is the documentation for GTK+? <emphasis>[GTK 2.x]</emphasis></title>

<para>In the GTK+ distribution's doc/ directory you will find
the API Reference for both GTK and GDK, this FAQ and the
GTK Tutorial.</para>

<para>In addition, you can find links to HTML versions of
these documents by going to <ulink url="http://www.gtk.org/">
http://www.gtk.org/</ulink>. A
packaged version of the GTK Tutorial, with SGML, HTML,
Postscript, DVI and text versions can be found in <ulink
url="ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/tutorial">
ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/tutorial
</ulink></para>

<para>There are now a few books available that deal with
programming GTK+, GDK and GNOME. Unfortunately, they
currently are all based upon GTK+ 1.x:</para>

<itemizedlist>
<listitem><simpara>Eric Harlows book entitled "Developing
Linux Applications with GTK+ and GDK". The ISBN is
0-7357-0021-4</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem><simpara>The example code from Eric's book is
available on-line at <ulink
url="http://www.bcpl.net/~eharlow/book">
http://www.bcpl.net/~eharlow/book</ulink></simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem><simpara>Havoc Pennington has released a book called
"GTK+/GNOME Application Development". The ISBN is
0-7357-0078-8</simpara>
<simpara>The free version of the book lives here: <ulink
url="http://developer.gnome.org/doc/GGAD/">
http://developer.gnome.org/doc/GGAD/
</ulink></simpara>
<simpara>And Havoc maintains information about it and
errata here: <ulink
url="http://pobox.com/~hp/gnome-app-devel.html">
http://pobox.com/~hp/gnome-app-devel.html
</ulink></simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem><simpara>"GTK+ Programming in C" by
Syd Logan. ISBN: 0-1301-4264-6</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem><simpara>"Linux GNOME/GTK+ Programming Bible" by
Arthur Griffith. ISBN: 0-7645-4640-6</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem><simpara>"Beginning GTK+/GNOME Programming" by
Peter Wright. ISBN: 1-8610-0381-1</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem><simpara>"Sams Teach Yourself GTK+ Programming
in 21 Days" by Donna Martin
. ISBN: 0-6723-1829-6</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>

</sect1>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->

<sect1 id="faq-MailLists">
<title>Is there a mailing list (or mailing list archive) for
GTK+? <emphasis>[GTK 2.x]</emphasis></title>

<para>Information on mailing lists relating to GTK+ can be
found at: <ulink
url="http://www.gtk.org/mailinglists.html">
http://www.gtk.org/mailinglists.html
</ulink></para>

</sect1>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->

<sect1>
<title>How to get help with GTK+ <emphasis>[GTK 2.x]</emphasis></title>

<para>First, make sure your question isn't answered in the
documentation, this FAQ or the tutorial. Done that? You're
sure you've done that, right? In that case, the best place to
post questions is to the GTK+ mailing list.</para>

</sect1>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->

<sect1>
<title>How to report bugs in GTK+ <emphasis>[GTK 2.x]</emphasis></title>

<para>Bugs should be reported to the GNOME bug tracking system
(<ulink url="http://bugzilla.gnome.org">http://bugzilla.gnome.org</ulink>).
You will need to enter your email address and receive a password before
you can use the system to register a new bug report.</para>

<para>There are a number of options to select and boxes to fill in when
submitting a bug report. Please remember that the more information you
give, the easier it will be to track the problem down. Extra information
that may prove useful includes:</para>

<itemizedlist>
<listitem><simpara> How to reproduce the bug.</simpara>
<simpara>If you can reproduce it with the testgtk program
that is built in the gtk/ subdirectory, that will be most
convenient. Otherwise, please include a complete, short test
program that exhibits the behavior. As a last resort, you can also
provide a pointer to a larger piece of software that can
be downloaded.</simpara>

<simpara>(Bugs that can be reproduced within the GIMP are
almost as good as bugs that can be reproduced in
testgtk. If you are reporting a bug found with the GIMP,
please include the version number of the GIMP you are
using)</simpara>
</listitem>

<listitem><simpara> If the bug was a crash, the exact text that was
printed out when the crash occurred. If you can easily reproduce this
crash then running the program under a debugger (e.g. gdb) and getting
a backtrace when the crash occurs is very useful.</simpara>
</listitem>

<listitem><simpara> Further information such as stack traces
may be useful. If you do send a stack trace,
and the error is an X error, it will be more useful if the stacktrace is
produced running the test program with the <literal>--sync</literal>
command line option.</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>

</sect1>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->

<sect1>
<title>Is there a Windows version of GTK+? <emphasis>[GTK 2.x]</emphasis></title>

<para>The Win32 port of GTK+ is maintained concurrently with the Xwindows
version in CVS. As such it is a supported architecture.</para>

<para>The Win32 port has been predominately done by Tor Lillqvist. Tor
maintains some information on <ulink url="http://www.gimp.org/~tml/gimp/win32/">
GTK+ and GIMP for Windows</ulink>.</para>

<para>There is a pre-compiled, easy-to-install version of GTK+ for
windows on the <ulink url="http://www.dropline.net/gtk/">
Dropline GTK+</ulink> site.</para>

</sect1>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->

<sect1>
<title>What applications have been written with GTK+? <emphasis>[GTK 2.x]</emphasis></title>

<para>The GNOME software map contains a catalogue of software that is
built using GNOME and GTK+. The catalogue is searchable and browsable, so
provides easy access.</para>

<para>Some of the best known projects utilising GTK+ are:</para>

<itemizedlist>
<listitem><simpara> GIMP (<ulink
url="http://www.gimp.org/">http://www.gimp.org/</ulink>), an
image manipulation program</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem><simpara> AbiWord (<ulink
url="http://www.abiword.org/">http://www.abiword.com/</ulink>),
a professional word processor</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem><simpara> Dia (<ulink
url="http://www.lysator.liu.se/~alla/dia/dia.html">
http://www.lysator.liu.se/~alla/dia/dia.html</ulink>),
a diagram creation program</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem><simpara> GnuCash (<ulink
url="http://www.gnucash.org/">
http://www.gnucash.org/</ulink>),
a personal finance manager</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem><simpara> Gnumeric (<ulink
url="http://www.gnome.org/projects/gnumeric/">
http://www.gnome.org/projects/gnumeric/</ulink>),
the GNOME spreadsheet application</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem><simpara> Glade (<ulink
url="http://glade.gnome.org/">http://glade.gnome.org/</ulink>), a
GTK+ based RAD tool which produces GTK+ and GNOME applications</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem><simpara> Anjuta (<ulink
url="http://anjuta.sourceforge.net/">http://anjuta.sourceforge.net/</ulink>),
a versatile Integrated Development Environment (IDE) using C and C++ for GTK+
and GIMP.</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>

</chapter>

<!-- ***************************************************************** -->
<chapter>
<title>How to find, configure, install, and troubleshoot GTK+</title>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->