graph_dot.hlp

是一个经济学管理应用软件 很难找的 但是经济学学生又必须用到

{smcl}
{* 28apr2005}{...}
{cmd:help graph dot}{right:dialogs: (summary statistics)  {bf:{dialog dot:graph dot}}  {dialog edot:easy graph dot}}
{right:     (observed data)       {bf:{dialog dot_data:graph dot}}  {dialog edot_data:easy graph dot}}
{hline}
{* index dot plots}{...}
{* index over() tt option}{...}
{* index ascategory() tt option}{...}
{* index asyvars() tt option}{...}

{title:Title}

{p2colset 5 22 24 2}{...}
{p2col :{hi:[G] graph dot} {hline 2}}Dot charts{p_end}
{p2colreset}{...}


{title:Syntax}

{p 8 23 2}
{cmdab:gr:aph} {cmd:dot}{space 2}{it:yvars}
{ifin}
{weight}
[{cmd:,}
{it:options}]

    where {it:yvars} is
	{col 20}{cmd:(asis)} {it:varlist}
	or is
{col 20}[{cmd:(}{it:stat}{cmd:)}] {it:varname}{...}
	     [[{cmd:(}{it:stat}{cmd:)}] ...]
{...}
{col 20}[{cmd:(}{it:stat}{cmd:)}] {it:varlist}{...}
	     [[{cmd:(}{it:stat}{cmd:)}] ...]
{...}
{col 20}[{cmd:(}{it:stat}{cmd:)}] {it:name}{cmd:=}{it:varname} [...]{...}
  [[{cmd:(}{it:stat}{cmd:)}] ...]

{pin}
where {it:stat} may be any of
{p_end}

{p 20 20 2}
	{cmd:mean}
	{cmd:median}
	{cmd:p1}
	{cmd:p2}
	... {cmd:p99}
	{cmd:sum}
	{cmd:count}
	{cmd:min}
	{cmd:max}
{p_end}
	or
{p 20 20 2}
    any of the other {it:stats} defined in {helpb collapse}

{pin}
    {cmd:mean} is the default.  {cmd:p1} means the 1st percentile, {cmd:p2}
    means the 2nd percentile, and so on; {cmd:p50} means the same as
    {cmd:median}.  {cmd:count} means the number of nonmissing values of the
    specified variable.

        {it:options}{col 38}description
        {hline 70}
        {help graph dot##group_options:{it:group_options}}{...}
{col 38}groups over which lines of dots are drawn
	{help graph dot##yvar_options:{it:yvar_options}}{...}
{col 38}variables that are the dots
	{help graph dot##linelook_options:{it:linelook_options}}{...}
{col 38}how the lines of dots look
	{help graph dot##legending_options:{it:legending_options}}{...}
{col 38}how {it:yvars} are labeled
	{help graph dot##axis_options:{it:axis_options}}{...}
{col 38}how the numerical {it:y} axis is labeled
	{help graph dot##title_and_other_options:{it:title_and_other_options}}{...}
{col 38}titles, added text, aspect ratio, etc.
       {hline 72}

	{it:group_options}{marker group_options}{col 40}description
	{hline 70}
	{cmdab:o:ver:(}{it:varname}[{cmd:,} {help graph dot##over_subopts:{it:over_subopts}}]{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}categories; option may be repeated
	{cmd:nofill}{...}
{col 40}omit empty categories
	{cmdab:miss:ing}{...}
{col 40}keep missing value as category
	{cmdab:allc:ategories}{...}
{col 40}include all categories in the dataset
	{hline 70}

	{it:yvar_options}{marker yvar_options}{col 40}description
	{hline 70}
	{cmdab:asc:ategory}{...}
{col 40}treat {it:yvars} as first {cmd:over()} group
	{cmdab:asy:vars}{...}
{col 40}treat first {cmd:over()} group as {it:yvars}
	{cmdab:per:centages}{...}
{col 40}show percentages within {it:yvars}
	{cmdab:cw}{...}
{col 40}calculate {it:yvar} statistics omitting
{col 40}  missing values of any {it:yvar}
	{hline 70}

{p2colset 9 39 42 2}{...}
	{it:linelook_options}{marker linelook_options}{col 40}description
	{hline 70}
	{cmd:outergap(}[{cmd:*}]{it:#}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}gap between top and first line
{col 40}  and between last line and bottom
	{cmd:linegap(}{it:#}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}gap between {it:yvar} lines; default is 0

	{cmdab:m:arker:(}{it:#}{cmd:,} {it:{help marker_options}}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}marker used for #th {it:yvar} line
	{cmdab:pcyc:le:(}{it:#}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}marker styles before {help pstyle:pstyles} recycle

	{cmdab:linet:ype:(dot}|{cmd:line}|{cmd:rectangle)}{...}
{col 40}type of line
{p2col : {cmdab:ndot:s:(}{it:#}{cmd:)}}{...}
      # of dots if {cmd:linetype(dot)}; default is 100{p_end}
	{cmdab:dot:s:(}{it:{help marker_options}}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}look if {cmd:linetype(dot)}
	{cmdab:line:s:(}{it:{help line_options}}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}look if {cmd:linetype(line)}
	{cmdab:rect:angles:(}{it:{help area_options}}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}look if {cmd:linetype(rectangle)}
	{cmd:rwidth(}{it:{help relativesize}}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}rectangle width if {cmd:linetype(rectangle)}

	[{cmdab:no:}]{cmdab:ext:end:line}{...}
{col 40}whether line extends through plot region
{col 40}  margins; {cmd:extendline} is usual default
	{cmdab:lowex:tension(}{it:{help relativesize}}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}extend line through axis (advanced)
	{cmdab:highex:tension(}{it:{help relativesize}}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}extend line through axis (advanced)
	{hline 70}

	{it:legending_options}{marker legending_options}{col 40}description
	{hline 70}
	{it:{help legend_option}}{...}
{col 40}control of {it:yvar} legend
	{cmdab:nolab:el}{...}
{col 40}use {it:yvar} names, not labels, in legend
	{cmdab:yvar:options:(}{help graph dot##over_subopts:{it:over_subopts}}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}{it:over_subopts} for {it:yvars}; rarely specified
	{cmd:showyvars}{...}
{col 40}label {it:yvars} on {it:x} axis; rarely specified
	{hline 70}

	{it:axis_options}{marker axis_options}{col 40}description
	{hline 70}
	{cmdab:yalt:ernate}{...}
{col 40}put numerical {it:y} axis on right (top)
	{cmdab:xalt:ernate}{...}
{col 40}put categorical {it:x} axis on top (right)
	{cmd:exclude0}{...}
{col 40}do not force {it:y} axis to include 0
	{cmdab:yrev:erse}{...}
{col 40}reverse {it:y} axis
	{it:{help axis_scale_options}}{...}
{col 40}{it:y}-axis scaling and look
	{it:{help axis_label_options}}{...}
{col 40}{it:y}-axis labeling
	{help axis_title_options:{bf:ytitle(...)}}{...}
{col 40}{it:y}-axis titling
	{hline 70}

{pstd}{marker title_and_other_options}
The {it:title_and_other_options} are

	{it:title_and_other_options}{col 40}description
	{hline 70}
	{help added_text_option:{bf:text(...)}}{...}
{col 40}add text on graph; {it:x} range [0,100]
	{help added_line_options:{bf:yline(...)}}{...}
{col 40}add {it:y} lines to graph
	{it:{help aspect_option}}{...}
{col 40}constrain aspect ratio of plot region
	{it:{help std_options}}{...}
{col 40}titles, graph size, saving to disk

	{help by_option:{bf:by(}{it:varlist}{bf:, ...)}}{...}
{col 40}repeat for subgroups
	{hline 70}

{pstd}{marker over_subopts}
The {it:over_subopts}{hline 2}used in
{cmd:over(}{it:varname}{cmd:,} {it:over_subopts}{cmd:)}
and, on rare occasion, in
{cmd:yvaroptions(}{it:over_subopts}{cmd:)}{hline 2}are

	{it:over_subopts}{col 40}description
	{hline 70}
	{cmdab:re:label:(}{it:#} {cmd:"}{it:text}{cmd:"} ...{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}change axis labels
	{cmdab:lab:el:(}{it:{help cat_axis_label_options}}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}rendition of labels
	{cmdab:ax:is:(}{it:{help cat_axis_line_options}}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}rendition of axis line

	{cmd:gap(}[{cmd:*}]{it:#}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}gap between lines within {cmd:over()} category
	{cmd:sort(}{it:varname}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}put lines in prespecified order
	{cmd:sort(}{it:#}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}put lines in height order
	{cmd:sort((}{it:stat}{cmd:)} {it:varname}{cmd:)}{...}
{col 40}put lines in derived order
	{cmdab:des:cending}{...}
{col 40}reverse default or specified line order
	{hline 70}

{pstd}
{cmd:aweight}s, {cmd:fweight}s, and {cmd:pweight}s are
allowed; see {help weight} and see note concerning weights in
{helpb collapse}.


{title:Description}

{pstd}
{cmd:graph} {cmd:dot} draws horizontal dot charts.  In a dot
chart, the categorical axis is presented vertically, and the numerical axis
is presented horizontally.  Even so, the numerical axis is called the {it:y}
axis, and the categorical axis is still called the {it:x} axis:

{phang2}
	{cmd:. graph dot (mean)} {it:numeric_var}{cmd:, over(}{it:cat_var}{cmd:)}

			  {it:x}
			  {c |}
	    first group   {c |}......o..............
			  {c |}
	    second group  {c |}..........o..........
		{bf:.}         {c |}
		{bf:.}         {c |}
			  {c BLC}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}
			   0    2    4    6    8


{pstd}
The syntax for dot charts is identical to that for bar charts;
see {helpb graph bar}.

{pstd}
We use the following words to describe a dot chart:

			{it:x axis}
			  {c |}
		Group 1   {c |}..........o...............
		Group 2   {c |}..............o...........
		Group 3   {c |}..................o.......   <-  {it:lines}
		Group 4   {c |}......................o...
			  {c BLC}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}
			   0    1    2    3    4    5   <-  {it:y axis}

{pstd}
The above dot chart contains four {it:lines}.  The words used to describe a
line are
{p_end}
					  {it:marker}
					 /
			   .............o............
			   |{hline 2}{it:distance}{hline 2}|       \
						 {it:dots}


{title:group_options}

{phang}
{cmd:over(}{it:varname}[{cmd:,} {it:over_subopts}]{cmd:)}
    specifies a categorical variable over which the {it:yvars} are to be
    repeated.  {it:varname} may be string or numeric.  Up to two {cmd:over()}
    options may be specified when multiple {it:yvars} are specified, and up to
    three {cmd:over()}s may be specified when a single {it:yvar} is specified;
    options may be specified; see {hi:Appendix:  Examples of syntax} below.

{phang}
{cmd:nofill}
    specifies that missing subcategories be omitted.  For instance,
    consider

{phang3}
	    {cmd:. graph dot (mean) y, over(division) over(region)}

{pmore}
    Say that one of the divisions has no data for one of the regions, either
    because there are no such observations or because y==. for such
    observations.  In the resulting chart, the marker will be missing:

		       division 1  {c |}...........o....
	    region 1   division 2  {c |}....o...........
		       division 3  {c |}.......o........
				   {c |}
		       division 1  {c |}..o.............
	    region 2   division 2  {c |}................
		       division 3  {c |}..........o.....
				   {c BLC}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}

{pmore}
    If you specify {cmd:nofill}, the missing category will be removed
    from the chart:

		       division 1  {c |}...........o....
	    region 1   division 2  {c |}....o...........
		       division 3  {c |}.......o........
				   {c |}
	    region 2   division 1  {c |}..o.............
		       division 3  {c |}..........o.....
				   {c BLC}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}

{phang}
{cmd:missing}
    specifies that missing values of the {cmd:over()} variables be kept as
    their own categories, one for {cmd:.}, another for {cmd:.a}, etc.  The
    default is ignore such observations.  An {cmd:over()} variable is
    considered to be missing if it is numeric and contains a missing value or
    if it is string and contains "".


{phang}
{cmd:allcategories}
    specifies that all categories in the entire dataset be retained for the
    {cmd:over()} variables.  When {cmd:if} or {cmd:in} are specified without
    {cmd:allcategories}, the graph is drawn, completely excluding any
    categories for the {cmd:over()} variables that do not occur in the
    specified subsample.  With the {cmd:allcategories} option, categories that
    do not occur in the subsample still appear in the legend, and zero-height
    bars are drawn where these categories would appear.  Such behavior can be
    convenient when comparing graphs of subsamples that do not include
    completely common categories for all {cmd:over()} variables.  This option