pstyle.hlp

是一个经济学管理应用软件 很难找的 但是经济学学生又必须用到

{smcl}
{* 07mar2005}{...}
{cmd:help pstyle}
{hline}
{* index pstyle it}{...}
{* index pstyle() tt option}{...}

{title:Title}

{p2colset 5 19 21 2}{...}
{p2col :{hi:[G] {it:pstyle}} {hline 2}}Choices for overall look of plot{p_end}
{p2colreset}{...}


{title:Syntax}

	{it:pstyle}{col 30}description
	{hline 61}
	{cmd:ci}{...}
{col 30}first plot used as confidence interval
	{cmd:ci2}{...}
{col 30}second plots used as confidence interval

	{cmd:p1} - {cmd:p15}{...}
{col 30}used by first - fifteenth "other" plot
	{cmd:p1bar} - {cmd:p15bar}{...}
{col 30}used by first - fifteenth "bar" plot
	{cmd:p1box} - {cmd:p15box}{...}
{col 30}used by first - fifteenth "box" plot
	{cmd:p1dot} - {cmd:p15dot}{...}
{col 30}used by first - fifteenth "dot" plot
	{cmd:p1pie} - {cmd:p15pie}{...}
{col 30}used by first - fifteenth "pie" plot
	{cmd:p1area} - {cmd:p15area}{...}
{col 30}used by first - fifteenth "area" plot
	{cmd:p1arrow} - {cmd:p15arrow}{...}
{col 30}used by first - fifteenth "arrow" plot
	{hline 61}

{pin}
Other {it:pstyles} may be available; type

	    {cmd:.} {bf:{stata graph query pstyle}}

{pin}
to obtain a complete list of {it:pstyles} installed on your computer.


{title:Description}

{pstd}
A {it:pstyle}{hline 2}always specified in option
{cmd:pstyle(}{it:pstyle}{cmd:)}{hline 2}specifies the overall style of a plot
and is a composite of {it:{help markerstyle}}; {it:{help markerlabelstyle}};
{it:{help areastyle}}; connected lines, {it:{help linestyle}},
 {it:{help connectstyle}}; and the {it:{help connect_options:connect_option}}
{cmd:cmissing()}.


{title:Remarks}

{pstd}
Remarks are presented under the headings

	{help pstyle##remarks1:What is a plot?}
	{help pstyle##remarks2:What is a pstyle?}
	{help pstyle##remarks3:The pstyle() option}
	{help pstyle##remarks4:Specifying a pstyle}
	{help pstyle##remarks5:What are numbered styles?}


{* index plot, definition}{...}
{marker remarks1}{...}
{title:What is a plot?}

{pstd}
When you type

	{cmd:. scatter y x}

{pstd}
y versus x is called a plot.  When you type

	{cmd:. scatter y1 x || scatter y2 x}

{pstd}
or

	{cmd:. scatter y1 y2 x}

{pstd}
y1 versus x is the first plot, and y2 versus x is the second.

{pstd}
A plot is a single presentation of a data on a graph.


{marker remarks2}{...}
{title:What is a pstyle?}

{pstd}
The overall look of a plot{hline 2}the {it:pstyle}{hline 2}is defined by the
following attributes:

{phang2}
    1.  The look of markers, including their shape, color, size, etc.;
	see {it:{help markerstyle}}

{phang2}
    2.  The look of marker labels, including the position, angle,
	size, color, etc.;
	see {it:{help markerlabelstyle}}

{phang2}
    3.  The look of lines that are used to connect points, including
	their color, width, and style (solid, dashed, etc.);
	see {it:{help linestyle}}

{phang2}
    4.  The way points are connected by lines (straight lines, stair step,
	etc.) if they are connected;
	see {it:{help connectstyle}}

{phang2}
    5.  Whether missing values are ignored or cause lines to be broken
	when the points are connected

{phang2}
    6.  The way areas such as bars or beneath or between curves are filled,
	colored, or shaded, including whether and how they are
	outlined; see {it:{help areastyle}}

{phang2}
    7.  The look of the "dots" in dot plots

{phang2}
    8.  The look of arrow heads

{pstd}
The {it:pstyle} specifies these seven attributes.


{marker remarks3}{...}
{title:The pstyle() option}

{pstd}
The {it:pstyle} is specified by the option

	{cmd:pstyle(}{it:pstyle}{cmd:)}

{pstd}
Correspondingly, other options are always available
to control each of the attributes; see, for instance, {helpb scatter}.

{pstd}
You specify the {it:pstyle} when a style exists that is exactly what you
want or when another style would allow you to specify fewer changes to
obtain what you want.


{marker remarks4}{...}
{title:Specifying a pstyle}

{pstd}
Consider the command

	{cmd:. scatter y1 y2 x,} ...

{pstd}
and further, assume that lots of options are specified.  Now imagine that you
want to make the plot of y1 versus x look just like the plot of y2 versus x:  you
want the same marker symbols used, the same colors, the same style of
connecting lines (if they are connecting), etc.  Whatever attributes
there are, you want them treated the same.

{pstd}
One solution would be to track down every little detail of how the things
that are displayed appear and specify options to make sure that they
are specified the same.  It would be easier, however, to type

	{cmd:. scatter y1 y2 x,} ... {cmd:pstyle(p1 p1)}

{pstd}
When you do not specify the {cmd:pstyle()} option, results
are the same as if you specified

	{cmd:pstyle(p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7 p8 p9 p10 p11 p12 p13 p14 p15)}

{pstd}
where the extra elements are ignored.  In any case, {cmd:p1} is one set of
plot-appearance values, {cmd:p2} is another set, and so on.
So when you type

	{cmd:. scatter y1 y2 x,} ... {cmd:pstyle(p1 p1)}

{pstd}
all the appearance values used for y2 versus x are the same as those used for
y1 versus x.

{pstd}
Say that you wanted y2 versus x to look like y1 versus x, except that you wanted the
markers to be green; you could type

	{cmd:. scatter y1 y2 x,} ... {cmd:pstyle(p1 p1) mcolor(. green)}

{pstd}
There is nothing special about the {it:pstyles} {cmd:p1}, {cmd:p2}, ...;
they merely specify sets of plot-appearance values just like any other
{it:pstyles}.  Type

	{cmd:. graph query pstyle}

{pstd}
to find out what other plot styles are available.

{pstd}
Also see {hi:Styles and composite styles} in {helpb scatter}
for more information.


{* index numbered styles}{...}
{marker remarks5}{...}
{title:What are numbered styles?}

{phang}
     {cmd:p1} {hline 1} {cmd:p15} are the default styles for all {helpb twoway} 
        graphs except {helpb twoway bar} charts and 
        {helpb twoway area} charts.  {cmd:p1} is used for the first
        plot, {cmd:p2} for the second, and so on.

{phang}
     {cmd:p1bar} {hline 1} {cmd:p15bar} are the default styles used for bar
     charts, including {helpb twoway bar} charts and
     {help graph bar:bar charts}.  {cmd:p1bar} is used for the first set of
     bars, {cmd:p2bar} for the second, and so on.

{phang}
     {cmd:p1box} {hline 1} {cmd:p15box} are the default styles used for 
        {help graph box:box charts}.  {cmd:p1box} is used for the first set of
        boxes, {cmd:p2box} for the second, and so on.

{phang}
     {cmd:p1dot} {hline 1} {cmd:p15dot} are the default styles used for 
        {help graph dot:dot charts}.  {cmd:p1dot} is used for the first set of
        dots, {cmd:p2dot} for the second, and so on.

{phang}
     {cmd:p1pie} {hline 1} {cmd:p15pie} are the default styles used for 
        {help graph pie:pie charts}.  {cmd:p1pie} is used for the first pie
        slice, {cmd:p2pie} for the second, and so on.

{phang}
     {cmd:p1area} {hline 1} {cmd:p15area} are the default styles used for area charts, 
        including {helpb twoway area} charts and 
        {helpb twoway rarea}.  {cmd:p1area} is used for the first
        filled area, {cmd:p2area} for the second, and so on.

{phang}
     {cmd:p1arrow} {hline 1} {cmd:p15arrow} are the default styles used for 
        arrow plots, including {helpb twoway pcarrow} plots and 
        {helpb twoway pcbarrow}.  {cmd:p1arrow} is used for the first arrow
        plot, {cmd:p2arrow} for the second, and so on.

{pstd}
        The look defined by a numbered style, such as {cmd:p1bar}, {cmd:p3},
        {cmd:p2area}, etc., is determined by the {help schemes:scheme}
        selected.  By "look" we mean such things as color, width of lines,
        patterns used, etc.

{pstd}
	Numbered styles provide default "looks" that can be controlled
        by a scheme.  They can also be useful when you wish to make, say, the
        second element on a graph look like the first.  You can, for example,
        specify that markers for the second scatter on a scatter plot be drawn
        with the style of the first scatter by using the option
        {cmd:pstyle(p1 p1)}.  See {bf:Specifying a pstyle}
        above for a more detailed example.


{title:Also see}

{psee}
Manual:  {bf:[G] {it:pstyle}}

{psee}
Online:  {helpb scatter};
{it:{help markerstyle}},
{it:{help markerlabelstyle}},
{it:{help areastyle}},
{it:{help linestyle}},
{it:{help connectstyle}},
{it:{help connect_options}}
{p_end}