graph_dot.hlp

是一个经济学管理应用软件 很难找的 但是经济学学生又必须用到

{it:axis_scale_options}
    specify how the numerical {it:y} axis is scaled and how it looks; see
    {it:{help axis_scale_options}}.  There you will also see
    option {cmd:xscale()} in addition to {cmd:yscale()}.
    Ignore {cmd:xscale()}, which is irrelevant in the case of dot plots.

{phang}
{it:axis_label_options}
    specify how the numerical {it:y} axis is to be labeled.
    The {it:axis_label_options} also allow you to add and suppress
    grid lines;
    see {it:{help axis_label_options}}.
    There you will see that, in addition to options
    {cmd:ylabel()}, {cmd:ytick()}, {cmd:ymlabel()}, and {cmd:ymtick()},
    options {cmd:xlabel()}, ..., {cmd:xmtick()} are allowed.  Ignore the
    {cmd:x*()} options, which are irrelevant in the case of dot charts.

{phang}
{cmd:ytitle()}
    overrides the default title for the numerical {it:y} axis; see 
    {it:{help axis_title_options}}.  There you will also find option
    {cmd:xtitle()} documented, which is irrelevant in the case of dot charts.


{title:title_and_other_options}

{phang}
{cmd:text()}
    adds text to a specified location on the graph; see 
    {it:{help added_text_option}}.  The basic syntax of {cmd:text()} is

{phang3}
	    {cmd:text(}{it:#_y} {it:#_x} {cmd:"}{it:text}{cmd:")}

{pmore}
    {cmd:text()} is documented in terms of twoway graphs.  When used with
    dot charts, the "numeric" {it:x} axis is scaled to run from 0 to 100.

{phang}
{cmd:yline()}
    adds vertical lines at specified
    {it:y} values; see {it:{help added_line_options}}.  The {cmd:xline()}
    option, also documented there, is irrelevant in the case of dot charts.
    If your interest is in adding grid lines, see
    {it:{help axis_label_options}}.

{phang}
{it:aspect_option}
    allows you to control the relationship between the height and width of
    a graph's plot region; see {it:{help aspect_option}}.

{phang}
{it:std_options}
    allow you to add titles, control the graph size, save the graph on
    disk, and much more; see {it:{help std_options}}.

{phang}
{cmd:by(}{it:varlist}{cmd:, ...)}
    draws separate plots within a single graph; see {it:{help by_option}}.


{title:Suboptions for use with over() and yvaroptions()}

{phang}
{cmd:relabel(}{it:#} {cmd:"}{it:text}{cmd:"} ...{cmd:)}
    specifies text to override the default category labeling.
    See the description of the {cmd:relabel()} option in
    {helpb graph bar} for more information about this very useful option.

{phang}
{cmd:label(}{it:cat_axis_label_options}{cmd:)}
    determines other aspects of the look of the category labels on the {it:x}
    axis.  With the exception of {cmd:label(labcolor())} and
    {cmd:label(labsize())}, these options are seldom specified; see 
    {it:{help cat_axis_label_options}}.

{phang}
{cmd:axis(}{it:cat_axis_line_options}{cmd:)}
    specifies how the axis line is rendered.  This is a rarely specified
    option.  See {it:{help cat_axis_line_options}}.

{phang}
{cmd:gap(}{it:#}{cmd:)} and
{cmd:gap(*}{it:#}{cmd:)}
    specify the gap between the lines in this {cmd:over()} group.
    {cmd:gap(}{it:#}{cmd:)} is specified in percentage-of-bar-width units.
    Just remember that {cmd:gap(50)} is a considerable, but not excessive width.
    {cmd:gap(*}{it:#}{cmd:)} allows modifying the default gap.
    {cmd:gap(*1.2)} would increase the gap by 20%, and {cmd:gap(*.8)} would
    decrease the gap by 20%.

{phang}
{cmd:sort(}{it:varname}{cmd:)},
{cmd:sort(}{it:#}{cmd:)}, and
{cmd:sort((}{it:stat}{cmd:)} {it:varname}{cmd:)}
    control how the lines are ordered.
    See {hi:How bars are ordered} and {hi:Reordering the bars} in
    {helpb graph bar}.

{pmore}
    {cmd:sort(}{it:varname}{cmd:)} puts the lines in the order of {it:varname}.

{pmore}
    {cmd:sort(}{it:#}{cmd:)} puts the markers in distance order.
    {it:#} refers to the {it:yvar} number on which the ordering should be
    performed.

{pmore}
    {cmd:sort((}{it:stat}{cmd:)} {it:varname}{cmd:)}
    puts the lines in an order based on a calculated statistic.

{phang}
{cmd:descending}
    specifies that the order of the lines{hline 2}default or as specified
    by {cmd:sort()}{hline 2}be reversed.


{title:Remarks}

{pstd}
Remarks are presented under the headings

	{help graph dot##remarks1:Relationship between dot plots and horizontal bar charts}
	{help graph dot##remarks2:Examples}
	{help graph dot##remarks3:Appendix:  Examples of syntax}


{marker remarks1}{...}
{title:Relationship between dot plots and horizontal bar charts}

{pstd}
Despite appearances, {cmd:graph} {cmd:hbar} and {cmd:graph} {cmd:dot} are in
fact the same command, meaning that concepts and options are the same:

	{cmd:. graph hbar y, over(group)}

			{c LT}{hline 3}{c TRC}
		group 1 {c |}   {c |}
			{c LT}{hline 3}{c BRC}
			{c |}
			{c LT}{hline 8}{c TRC}
		group 2 {c |}        {c |}
			{c LT}{hline 8}{c BRC}
			{c |}
			{c LT}{hline 14}{c TRC}
		group 3 {c |}              {c |}
			{c LT}{hline 14}{c BRC}
			{c |}
			{c BLC}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}

	{cmd:. graph dot y, over(group)}

		group 1 {c |}...o............
		group 2 {c |}........o.......
		group 3 {c |}..............o.
			{c BLC}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}

{pstd}
There is only one substantive difference between the two commands:  Given
multiple {it:yvars}, {cmd:graph} {cmd:hbar} draws multiple bars:

	{cmd:. graph hbar y1 y2, over(group)}

			{c LT}{c -}{c TRC}
			{c |} {c |}
		group 1 {c LT}{c -}{c BT}{c -}{c TRC}
			{c |}   {c |}
			{c LT}{hline 3}{c BRC}
			{c |}
			{c LT}{hline 3}{c TRC}
			{c |}   {c |}
		group 2 {c LT}{hline 3}{c BT}{hline 4}{c TRC}
			{c |}        {c |}
			{c LT}{hline 8}{c BRC}
			{c |}
			{c LT}{hline 5}{c TRC}
			{c |}     {c |}
		group 3 {c LT}{hline 5}{c BT}{hline 8}{c TRC}
			{c |}              {c |}
			{c LT}{hline 14}{c BRC}
			{c |}
			{c BLC}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}

{pstd}
{cmd:graph} {cmd:dot} draws multiple markers on single lines:

	{cmd:. graph dot y1 y2, over(group)}

		group 1 {c |}.x.o............
		group 2 {c |}...x....o.......
		group 3 {c |}.....x........o.
			{c BLC}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}

{pstd}
The way around this problem (if it is a problem) is to specify option
{cmd:ascategory} or to specify option {cmd:linegap(}{it:#}{cmd:)}.  Specifying
{cmd:ascategory} is usually best.

{pstd}
Read about {cmd:graph} {cmd:hbar} in {helpb graph bar}.


{marker remarks2}{...}
{title:Examples}

{pstd}
Since {cmd:graph} {cmd:dot} and {cmd:graph} {cmd:hbar} are so related,
the following examples should require little by way of explanation:

	{cmd}. sysuse nlsw88, clear

	. graph dot wage, over(occ, sort(1))
		ytitle("")
		title("Average hourly wage, 1988, women aged 34-46", span)
		subtitle(" ")
		note("Source:  1988 data from NLS, U.S. Dept. of Labor,
		      Bureau of Labor Statistics", span){txt}
	  {it:({stata gr_example2 grdottall:click to run})}
{* graph grdottall}{...}

	{cmd}. graph dot (p10) p10=wage (p90) p90=wage,
		over(occ, sort(2))
		legend(label(1 "10th percentile") label(2 "90th percentile"))
		title("10th and 90th percentiles of hourly wage", span)
		subtitle("Women aged 34-46, 1988" " ", span)
		note("Source:  1988 data from NLS, U.S. Dept. of Labor,
		      Bureau of Labor Statistics", span){txt}
	  {it:({stata gr_example2 grdottall2:click to run})}
{* graph grdottall2}{...}

	{cmd}. graph dot (mean) wage,
		over(occ, sort(1))
		by(collgrad,
		     title("Average hourly wage, 1988, women aged 34-46", span)
		     subtitle(" ")
		     note("Source:  1988 data from NLS, U.S. Dept. of Labor,
			   Bureau of Labor Statistics", span)
		){txt}
	  {it:({stata gr_example2 grdotby:click to run})}
{* graph grdottall2}{...}


{marker remarks3}{...}
{title:Appendix:  Examples of syntax}

{pstd}
Let us consider some {cmd:graph} {cmd:dot} commands and what they do:

{p 4 8 8}
{cmd:graph dot revenue}{break}
    One line showing average revenue.

{p 4 8 8}
{cmd:graph dot revenue profit}{break}
    One line with two markers, one showing average revenue and the other
    average profit.

{p 4 8 8}
{cmd:graph dot revenue, over(division)}{break}
    {it:#_of_divisions} lines, each with one marker showing average revenue
    for each division.

{p 4 8 8}
{cmd:graph dot revenue profit, over(division)}{break}
    {it:#_of_divisions} lines, each with two markers, one
    showing average revenue and the other average
    profit for each division.

{p 4 8 8}
{cmd:graph dot revenue, over(division) over(year)}{break}
    {it:#_of_divisions}*{it:#_of_years} lines, each with one marker showing
    average revenue for each division, repeated for each of the years.  The
    grouping would look like this (assuming 3 divisions and 2 years):

		     division 1   {c |}....o...............
	    year 1   division 2   {c |}..........o.........
		     division 3   {c |}..............o.....
				  {c |}
		     division 1   {c |}.o..................
	    year 2   division 2   {c |}.......o............
		     division 3   {c |}................o...
				  {c BLC}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}

{p 4 8 8}
{cmd:graph dot revenue, over(year) over(division)}{break}
    Same as above, but ordered differently.  In the previous example we
    typed {cmd:over(division)} {cmd:over(year)}.  This time, we reverse it:

	    division 1   year 1   {c |}....o...............
			 year 2   {c |}.o..................
				  {c |}
	    division 2   year 1   {c |}..........o.........
			 year 2   {c |}.......o............
				  {c |}
	    division 3   year 1   {c |}..............o.....
			 year 2   {c |}................o...
				  {c BLC}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}{hline 4}{c TT}

{p 4 8 8}
{cmd:graph dot revenue profit, over(division) over(year)}{break}
    {it:#_of_divisions}*{it:#_of_years} lines each with two markers, one
    showing average revenue and the other showing average profit for each
    division, repeated for each of the years.

{p 4 8 8}
{cmd:graph dot (sum) revenue profit, over(division) over(year)}{break}
    {it:#_of_divisions}*{it:#_of_years} lines each with two markers, the first
    showing the sum of revenue and the second showing the sum of profit for
    each division, repeated for each of the years.

{p 4 8 8}
{cmd:graph dot (median) revenue profit, over(division) over(year)}{break}
    {it:#_of_divisions}*{it:#_of_years} lines each with two markers showing
    the median of revenue and median of profit for each division, repeated for
    each of the years.

{p 4 8 8}
{cmd:graph dot (median) revenue (mean) profit, over(division) over(year)}{break}
    {it:#_of_divisions}*{it:#_of_years} lines each with two markers showing
    the median of revenue and mean of profit for each division, repeated for
    each of the years.


{title:Also see}

{psee}
Manual:  {bf:[G] graph dot}

{psee}
Online:  
{helpb graph bar};
{helpb collapse}
{p_end}