graph_box.hlp

是一个经济学管理应用软件 很难找的 但是经济学学生又必须用到

{pmore}
    Specify {cmd:intensity(0)} if you do not want the box filled at all.
    If you are using a scheme that draws the median line in the background
    color such as {cmd:s2mono}, also specify option {cmd:medtype(line)}
    to change the median line to be in the color of the outline of the box.

{phang}
{cmd:lintensity(}{it:#}{cmd:)}
and
{cmd:lintensity(*}{it:#}{cmd:)}
    specify the intensity of the line used to outline the box.
    {cmd:lintensity(}{it:#}{cmd:)} specifies the intensity, and
    {cmd:lintensity(*}{it:#}{cmd:)} specifies the intensity relative to the
    default.

{pmore}
    By default, the box is outlined at the same intensity at which it is
    filled or at an amplification of that, which depending on your chosen
    scheme; see {help schemes}.  If you want the box outlined in the
    darkest possible way, specify {cmd:intensity(255)}.  If you wish simply to
    amplify the outline, specify {cmd:intensity(*}{it:#}{cmd:)}, {it:#}>1, and
    if you wish to attenuate the outline, specify
    {cmd:intensity(*}{it:#}{cmd:)}, {it:#}<1.

{phang}
{cmd:medtype()},
{cmd:medline()}, and
{cmd:medmarker()}
    specify how the median is to be indicated in the box.

{pmore}
     {cmd:medtype(line)} is the default.  A line is drawn across the box at
     the median.  In this case, options {cmd:medline()} and {cmd:medmarker()}
     are irrelevant.

{pmore}
     {cmd:medtype(cline)} specifies a custom line be drawn across the box at
     the median.  The default custom line is usually of a different color.
     You can, however, specify option {cmd:medline(}{it:line_options}{cmd:)}
     to control exactly how the line is to look;
     see {it:{help line_options}}.

{pmore}
     {cmd:medtype(marker)} specifies a marker be placed in the box at the
     median.  In this case, you may also specify option
     {cmd:medmarker(}{it:marker_options}{cmd:)} to specify the look of the
     marker; see {it:{help marker_options}}.

{phang}
{cmd:cwhiskers},
{cmd:lines(}{it:line_options}{cmd:)},
{cmd:alsize(}{it:#}{cmd:)}, and
{cmd:capsize(}{it:#}{cmd:)}
    specify the look of the whiskers.

{pmore}
    {cmd:cwhiskers} specifies that custom whiskers are desired.  The
    default custom whiskers are usually dimmer, but you may specify
    option {cmd:lines(}{it:line_options}{cmd:)} to specify how the
    custom whiskers are to look; see {it:{help line_options}}.

{pmore}
    {cmd:alsize(}{it:#}{cmd:)} and {cmd:capsize(}{it:#}{cmd:)} specify the
    width of the adjacent line and the height of the cap on the adjacent line.
    You may specify these options whether or not you specify
    {cmd:cwhiskers}.  {cmd:alsize()} and {cmd:capsize()} are specified in
    percentage-of-box-width units; the defaults are {cmd:alsize(67)} and
    {cmd:capsize(0)}.  Thus the adjacent lines extend two-thirds the width of
    a box and, by default, have no caps.  Caps refer to whether the whiskers
    look like

		this                 or this

		 {c TT}                     {c TLC}{c TT}{c TRC}
		 {c |}                      {c |}
		{c TLC}{c BT}{c TRC}                    {c TLC}{c BT}{c TRC}
		{c |}-{c |}                    {c |}-{c |}
		{c BLC}{c TT}{c BRC}                    {c BLC}{c TT}{c BRC}
		 {c |}                      {c |}
		 {c BT}                     {c BLC}{c BT}{c BRC}

{pmore}
    If you want caps, try {cmd:capsize(5)}.

{phang}
{cmd:marker(}{it:#}, {it:marker_options} {it:marker_label_options}{cmd:)}
    specifies the marker to be used to display the outside values.
    See {it:{help marker_options}} and {it:{help marker_label_options}}.

{phang}
{cmd:outergap(*}{it:#}{cmd:)} and
{cmd:outergap(}{it:#}{cmd:)}
    specify the gap between the edge of the graph to beginning of the first
    box and the end of the last box to the edge of the graph.

{pmore}
    {cmd:outergap(*}{it:#}{cmd:)} specifies that the default be modified.
    Specifying {cmd:outergap(*1.2)} increases the gap by 20%, and
    specifying {cmd:outergap(*.8)} reduces the gap by 20%.

{pmore}
    {cmd:outergap(}{it:#}{cmd:)} specifies the gap as a
    percentage-of-box-width units.  {cmd:outergap(50)} specifies that the gap
    be half the box width.

{phang}
{cmd:boxgap(}{it:#}{cmd:)}
    specifies the gap to be left between {it:yvar} boxes as a
    percentage-of-box-width units.  The default is {cmd:boxgap(33)}.

{pmore}
    Note that {cmd:boxgap()} affects only the {it:yvar} boxes.  If you want
    to change the gap for the first, second, or third {cmd:over()}
    groups, specify the {it:over_subopt} {cmd:gap()} inside the
    {cmd:over()} itself; see
    {hi:Suboptions for use with over() and yvaroptions()} below.


{title:legending_options}

{phang}
{it:legend_option}
    allows you to control the legend.
    If more than one {it:yvar} is specified, a legend is produced.
    Otherwise, no legend is needed because the {cmd:over()} groups are
    labeled on the categorical {it:x} axis.
    See {it:{help legend_option}}, and see
    {help graph box##remarks3:Treatment of multiple yvars versus treatment of over() groups}
    under {hi:Remarks} below.

{phang}
{cmd:nolabel}
    specifies that, in automatically constructing the legend, the variable
    names of the {it:yvars} be used in preference to their labels.

{phang}
{cmd:yvaroptions(}{it:over_subopts}{cmd:)}
    allows you to specify {it:over_subopts} for the {it:yvars}.  This is
    very rarely done.

{phang}
{cmd:showyvars}
    specifies that, in addition to building a legend, the identities of the
    {it:yvars} be shown on the categorical {it:x} axis.  If
    {cmd:showyvars} is specified, it is typical to also specify
    {cmd:legend(off)}.


{title:axis_options}

{phang}
{cmd:yalternate} and {cmd:xalternate}
    switch the side on which the axes appear.

{pmore}
    Used with {cmd:graph} {cmd:box}, {cmd:yalternate} moves the numerical
    {it:y} axis from the left to the right; {cmd:xalternate} moves the
    categorical {it:x} axis from the bottom to the top.

{pmore}
    Used with {cmd:graph} {cmd:hbox}, {cmd:yalternate} moves the numerical
    {it:y} axis from the bottom to the top; {cmd:xalternate} moves the
    categorical {it:x} axis from the left to the right.

{pmore}
    If your scheme by default puts the axes on the opposite sides, then
    {cmd:yalternate} and {cmd:xalternate} reverse their actions.

{phang}
{cmd:yreverse}
    specifies that the numerical {it:y} axis have its scale reversed
    so that it runs from maximum to minimum.

{phang}
{it:axis_scale_options}
    specify how the numerical {it:y} axis is scaled and how it looks; see
    {it:{help axis_scale_options}}.  There you will also see
    option {cmd:xscale()} in addition to {cmd:yscale()}.
    Ignore {cmd:xscale()}, which is irrelevant in the case of box plots.

{phang}
{it:axis_label_options}
    specify how the numerical {it:y} axis is to be labeled.
    The {it:axis_label_options} also allow you to add and suppress
    grid lines;
    see {it:{help axis_label_options}}.
    There you will see that, in addition to options
    {cmd:ylabel()}, {cmd:ytick()}, ..., {cmd:ymtick()},
    options {cmd:xlabel()}, ..., {cmd:xmtick()} are allowed.  Ignore the
    {cmd:x*()} options, which are irrelevant in the case of box plots.

{phang}
{cmd:ytitle()}
    overrides the default title for the numerical {it:y} axis; see 
    {it:{help axis_title_options}}.  There you will also find option
    {cmd:xtitle()} documented, which is irrelevant in the case of box plots.


{title:title_and_other_options}

{phang}
{cmd:text()}
    adds text to a specified location on the graph; see 
    {it:{help added_text_option}}.  The basic syntax of {cmd:text()} is

	    {cmd:text(}{it:#_y} {it:#_x} {cmd:"}{it:text}{cmd:")}

{pmore}
    {cmd:text()} is documented in terms of twoway graphs.  When used with
    box plots, the "numeric" {it:x} axis is scaled to run from 0 to 100.

{phang}
{cmd:yline()}
    adds horizontal ({cmd:box}) or vertical ({cmd:hbox}) lines at specified
    {it:y} values; see {it:{help added_line_options}}.  The {cmd:xline()}
    option, also documented there, is irrelevant in the case of box plots.
    If your interest is in adding grid lines, see
    {it:{help axis_label_options}}.

{phang}
{it:aspect_option}
    allows you to control the relationship between the height and width of
    a graph's plot region; see {it:{help aspect_option}}.

{phang}
{it:std_options}
    allow you to add titles, control the graph size, save the graph on
    disk, and much more; see {it:{help std_options}}.

{phang}
{cmd:by(}{it:varlist}{cmd:, ...)}
    draws separate plots within a single graph; see {it:{help by_option}}
    and see {help graph box##remarks8:Use with by()} under {hi:Remarks} below.


{title:Suboptions for use with over() and yvaroptions()}

{phang}
{cmd:total}
    specifies that, in addition to the unique values of
    {cmd:over(}{it:varname}{cmd:)}, a group be added reflecting all
    the observations.   When multiple {cmd:over()}s are specified,
    {cmd:total} may only be specified in one of them.

{phang}
{cmd:relabel(}{it:#} {cmd:"}{it:text}{cmd:"} ...{cmd:)}
    specifies text to override the default category labeling.
    See the description of the {cmd:relabel()} option in
    {helpb graph_bar} for more information about this very useful option.

{phang}
{cmd:label(}{it:cat_axis_label_options}{cmd:)}
    determines other aspects of the look of the category labels on the {it:x}
    axis.  With the exception of {cmd:label(labcolor())} and
    {cmd:label(labsize())}, these options are seldom specified; see 
    {it:{help cat_axis_label_options}}.

{phang}
{cmd:axis(}{it:cat_axis_line_options}{cmd:)}
    specifies how the axis line is rendered.  This is a rarely specified
    option.  See {it:{help cat_axis_line_options}}.

{phang}
{cmd:gap(}{it:#}{cmd:)} and
{cmd:gap(*}{it:#}{cmd:)}
    specify the gap between the boxes in this {cmd:over()} group.
    {cmd:gap(}{it:#}{cmd:)} is specified in percentage-of-box-width units, so
    {cmd:gap(67)} means two-thirds the width of a box.
    {cmd:gap(*}{it:#}{cmd:)} allows modifying the default gap.
    {cmd:gap(*1.2)} would increase the gap by 20%, and {cmd:gap(*.8)} would
    decrease the gap by 20%.

{pmore}
    To understand the distinction between
    {cmd:over(}...{cmd:,} {cmd:gap())} and option {cmd:boxgap()}, consider

{phang3}
	    {cmd:. graph box before after, boxgap(}...{cmd:) over(sex, gap(}...{cmd:))}

{pmore}
    {cmd:boxgap()} sets the distance between the before and after boxes.
    {cmd:over(,gap())} sets the distance between the boxes for males and
    females.  Similarly, in

	    {cmd:. graph box before after, boxgap(}...{cmd:)}
				      {cmd:over(sex,    gap(}...{cmd:))}
				      {cmd:over(agegrp, gap(}...{cmd:))}

{pmore}
    {cmd:over(sex, gap())} sets the gap between males and females, and
    {cmd:over(agegrp, gap())} sets the gap between age groups.

{phang}
{cmd:sort(}{it:varname}{cmd:)} and
{cmd:sort(}{it:#}{cmd:)}
    control how the boxes are ordered.  See {hi:How boxes are ordered}
    and {help graph box##remarks5:Reordering the boxes} under {hi:Remarks}
    below.

{pmore}
    {cmd:sort(}{it:varname}{cmd:)} puts the boxes in the order of {it:varname};
    see {help graph box##remarks6:Putting the boxes in a prespecified order}
    under {hi:Remarks} below.

{pmore}
    {cmd:sort(}{it:#}{cmd:)} puts the boxes in order of their medians.
    {it:#} refers to the {it:yvar} number on which the ordering should be
    performed;
    see {help graph box##remarks7:Putting the boxes in median order} under
    {hi:Remarks} below.

{phang}
{cmd:descending}
    specifies that the order of the boxes{hline 2}default or as specified
    by {cmd:sort()}{hline 2}be reversed.


{title:Remarks}

{pstd}
Remarks are presented under the headings

	{help graph box##remarks1:Introduction}
	{help graph box##remarks2:Examples of syntax}
	{help graph box##remarks3:Treatment of multiple yvars versus treatment of over() groups}
	{help graph box##remarks4:How boxes are ordered}
	{help graph box##remarks5:Reordering the boxes}
	{help graph box##remarks6:Putting the boxes in a prespecified order}
	{help graph box##remarks7:Putting the boxes in median order}
	{help graph box##remarks8:Use with by()}
	{help graph box##remarks9:History}

{pstd}
Also see {helpb graph bar}.  Most of what is said there applies equally
well to box charts.


{marker remarks1}{...}
{title:Introduction}

{pstd}
{cmd:graph} {cmd:box} draws vertical box plots:

	{cmd}. sysuse bplong, clear

	. graph box bp, over(when) over(sex)
		ytitle("Systolic blood pressure")
		title("Response to Treatment, by Sex")
		subtitle("(120 Preoperative Patients)" " ")
		note("Source:  Fictional Drug Trial, StataCorp, 2003"){txt}
	  {it:({stata "gr_example2 grbox1":click to run})}
{* graph grbox1}{...}

{pstd}
{cmd:graph} {cmd:hbox} draws horizontal box plots:

	{cmd}. sysuse nlsw88, clear

	. graph hbox wage, over(ind, sort(1)) nooutside
		ytitle("")
		title("Hourly wage, 1988, woman aged 34-46", span)
		subtitle(" ")
		note("Source:  1988 data from NLS, U.S. Dept of Labor,
		      Bureau of Labor Statistics", span){txt}
	  {it:({stata "gr_example2 grbox2":click to run})}
{* graph grbox2}{...}


{marker remarks2}{...}
{title:Examples of syntax}

{pstd}
Below we show you some {cmd:graph} {cmd:box} commands and tell you what each
would do:

{p 4 8 8}
{cmd:graph box bp}{break}
    One big box showing statistics on blood pressure.