make-14.html

unix make 文档

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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">.c.o:</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">$(CC) -c $(CPPFLAGS) 
$(ALL_CFLAGS) $&lt;</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></p>
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例子中，变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">CFLAGS</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”指定编译选项为“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">-g</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”，在本例中它作为缺省的编译选项。对于所有源文件的编译都使用“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">-g</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”选项。双后缀规则的命令行中为编译生成“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">.o</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”文件指定了另外的选项“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">-I. 
-g </span>
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”</span></p>
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在所有编译命令行中，变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">CFLAGS</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”应该放在编译选项列表的最后。这样可以保证当命令行参数出现重复时，“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">CFLAGS</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”始终效的。另外，在任何调用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">c</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">编译器的命令行中都应该使用选项变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">CFLAGS</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”，无论是进行编译还是连接。</span></p>
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如果需要在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中实现文件安装的规则，那么就需要在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中定义变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">INSTALL</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”。此变量代表安装命令（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">install</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">）。同时在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中也需要定义变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">INSTALL_PROGRAM</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”和“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">INSTALL_DATA</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”（“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">INSTALL_PROGRAM</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”的缺省值都是“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">$(INSTALL)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”；“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">INSTALL_DATA</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”的缺省值是“</span>${INSTALL} 
–m 644<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: black">”）。<span lang="EN-US">可以</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">使用这些变量，来安装可执行程序或者非可执行程序到指定位置。例如：</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) 
foo $(bindir)/foo</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 41.2pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">$(INSTALL_DATA) 
libfoo.a $(libdir)/libfoo.a</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></p>
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另外，也可以使用变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">DESTDIR</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”来指定目标需要安装的目录。通常也可以不在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">定义变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">DESTDIR</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”，可通过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">命令行参数的形式来指定。例如：“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make 
DESTDIR=exec/ install</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”。因此上边的命令就可以这样实现：</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) 
foo $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/foo</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">$(INSTALL_DATA) 
libfoo.a $(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/libfoo.a</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
&nbsp;</span></p>
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安装命令中使用文件名而不是目录名作为第二个参数。每一个需要安装的文件使用单独的命令（包括安装一个目录）。</span></p>
<h2><a name="_gnu_make_14.4"><span style="font-size: 14pt" lang="en-us"><b>1</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt">4.4<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">安装目录变量</span></a></h2>
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在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中，安装目录同样需要使用变量来指定，这样就可以很方便的修改文件的安装路径。安装目录的标准命名下边将一一介绍。这些变量基于标准的文件系统结构，这些变量的变种在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">SVR4</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">4.4BSD</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Linux</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Ultrix 
v4</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">以及其它现代操作系统中都有使用。</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Wingdings; color: black">
&Oslash;<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
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以下所罗列的两个变量是指定安装文件的根目录。所有其它安装目录都是它们的子目录。注意：文件不能直接安装在这两个目录下。</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: blue">
prefix</span></b></p>
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这个变量（通常作为实际文件安装目录的父目录，可以理解为其它实际文件安装目录的前缀）用于构造下列（除这两个安装根目录以外的其它目录变量）变量的缺省值。变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: black">prefix</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”缺省值是“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: black">/usr/local</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”。创建完整的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: black">GNU</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">系统时，变量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: black">prefix</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的缺省值是空值，“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: black">/usr</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”是“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: black">/</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB23