make-14.html

unix make 文档

<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp; $(CC) –I. –I$(srcdir) 
$(CFLAGS) –c $&lt; –o $@</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></i></b></p>
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另外，对于有多个依赖的规则，为了规则能被正确执行。应该在规则的命令行中明确的指定文件的完整路径名。例如第一个例子就可以这样写（需要在规则之前使用“</span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">VPATH</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”指定搜索目录）：</span></p>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">foo.1 : foo.man 
sedscript</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp; sed –e $(srcdir)/sedscript 
$(srcdir)/foo.man &gt; $@</span></i></b></p>
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&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">GNU</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的发布软件包中，包括了很多非源代码的文件。诸如：“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">info</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”文件、“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Autoconf</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”的输出文件、“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Automake</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”、“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Bison</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”或者“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Flex</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”等文件。这些文件在发布时也存在于源代码的目录中。因此</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中对它们的重建也应该是在源代码目录下，而不应该在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">build</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">目录。</span></p>
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相反的，对于那些本来就不存在于源代码目录下的文件，也不应该将它们创建在源代码的目录下。<b>要记住，</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的过程不应该以任何方式修改源代码，或者改变源代码目录的结构。</span></b></p>
<h2><a name="_gnu_make_14.2"><span style="font-size: 14pt" lang="en-us"><b>1</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt">4.2<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
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规则命令行的约定</span></a></h2>
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本节讨论书写规则命令的一些约定，在书写多系统兼容的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">时，需要注意不同系统的命令存在不兼容。这里对规则命令行做出了一些书写的基本约定：</span></p>
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1.<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
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书写</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">时，规则的命令（包括其他的脚本文件，如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">configure</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">）应该是“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">sh</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”而不是“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">csh</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”所支持的。</span></p>
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2.<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
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用于创建和安装的“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">configure</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”脚本以及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中的命令，除使用下面所列出的之外，避免使用其它命令：</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">cat cmp cp diff 
echo egrep expr false grep install-info</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">ln ls mkdir mv 
pwd rm rmdir sed sleep sort tar test touch true</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></p>
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3.<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
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在目标“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">dist</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”的命令行中可以使用压缩工具“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">gzip</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”。</span></p>
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4.<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
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对于可使用的这些工具命令，尽量使用它的通用选项。不要使用那些只在特定系统上有效的选项。如：“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">mkdir 
-p</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”这个命令在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Linux</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">系统上能够很好的工作，但是其它很多系统却并不支持“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">mkdir</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”的“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">-p</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”选项。</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
5.<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
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尽量不要在规则的命令行中创建符号连接文件（使用“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">ln</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”命令）。因为有些系统不支持符号连接文件（对于类</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Unix</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的系统我们基本上没有问题，可能这里所说的是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">MS-DOS</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">系统的系统。我想大家也没有兴趣或者说没有必要在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">MS-DOS</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">下写</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">，所以这个限制基本可以不考虑）。</span></p>
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