make-09.html

unix make 文档

对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">最后生成的文件进行检查。</span></p>
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这些功能和目标的对照关系并不是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">GNU 
make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">规定的。你可以在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中定义任何命名的伪目标。但是以上这些都被作约定，所有开源的工程中这些特殊的目标的命名都是按照这种约定来的。既然绝大多数程序员都遵循这种约定，自然我们也应该按照这种约定来做。否则在别人看来这样</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">只能算一个样例，不能作为正式版本。</span></p>
<h2><a name="_gnu_make_9.3"><span style="font-size: 14pt" lang="en-us"><b>9</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt">.3<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
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替代命令的执行</span></a></h2>
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书写</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的目的就是为了告诉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">一个目标是否过期，以及如果重建一个过期的目标。但是在某些时候，我们并不希望真正更新那些已经过期的目标文件（比如：只是检查更新目标的命令是否正确，或者察看那些目标需要更新）。要实现这样的目的，可以使用一些特定的参数来限定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">执行的动作。通过指定参数，替代</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">默认动作的执行。因此我们把这种方式称为：替代命令的执行。这些参数包括：</span></p>
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-n</span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: blue">
--just-print</span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: blue">
--dry-run</span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: blue">
--recon</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
指定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">执行空操作（不执行规则的命令），只打印出需要重建目标使用的命令（只打印过期的目标的重建命令），而不对目标进行重建。</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: blue">
-t</span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: blue">
--touch</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
类似于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">shell</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">下的“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">touch</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”命令的功能。更新所有目标文件的时间戳（对于过时的目标文件不进行内容更新，只更新时间戳）。</span></p>
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<b>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: blue">
-q</span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: blue">
--question</span></b></p>
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不执行任何命令并且不打印任何输出信息，只检查所指定的目标是否已经是最新的。如果是则返回</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">0</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">，否则返回</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">1</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">。使用“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">-q</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”（“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">--question</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”）的目的只是让</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">返回给定（没有指定则时终极目标）的目标是否是最新的。可以根据它的返回值来判断是否须要真正的执行更新目标的动作。</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: blue">
-W FILE</span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: blue">
--what-if= FILE</span></b></p>
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--assume-new= FILE</span></b></p>
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--new-file= FILE</span></b></p>
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这个参数需要指定一个文件名。通常是一个存在源文件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">将当前系统时间作为这个文件的时间戳（假设这个文件被修改过，但不真正的更改文件本身的时间戳）。因此这个文件的时间戳被认为最新的，在执行时依赖于这个文件的目标将会被重建。通过这种方式并结合“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">-n</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”参数，我们可以查看那些目标依赖于这个文件（修改这个文件以后执行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">那些目标会被更新）。</span></p>
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通常“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">-W</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”参数和“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">-n</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”参数一同使用，可以在修改一个文件后来检查修改会造成那些目标需要被更新，但并不执行更新的命令，只是打印命令。</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">-W</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”和“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">-t</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”参数配合使用时，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: b