make-09.html

unix make 文档

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 13.85pt; margin-left: 29.95pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">sources = foo.c 
bar.c&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 13.85pt; margin-left: 29.95pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">ifneq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),clean)</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">include $(sources:.c=.d)</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">endif</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
例子中使用了变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">MAKECMDGOALS</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”来判断命令行参数是否指定终极目标为“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">clean</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”，如果不是才包含所有源文件对应的依赖关系描述文件。上例的功能是避免“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make 
clean</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">试图重建所有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">.d</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">文件的过程。</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
这种方式主要用在以下几个方面：</span></p>
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1.<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
对程序的一部分进行编译，或者仅对某几个程序进行编译而不是完整编译这个工程（也可以在命令行参数中明确给出原本的默认的终极目标，例如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make 
all</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">，没有人会说它是错误的。但是大家都会认为多此一举）。例如以下一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的片段，其中各个文件都有自己的描述规则：</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:58.2pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">.PHONY: all</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">all: size nm ld 
ar as</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
仅需要重建“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">size</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”文件时，执行“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make 
size</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”就可以了。其它的程序就不会被重建。</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
2.<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
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指定编译或者创建那些正常编译过程不能生成的文件（例如重建一个调试输出文件、或者编译一个调试版本的程序等），这些文件在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中存在重建规则，但是它们没有出现在默认终极目标目标的依赖中。</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
3.<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
指定执行一个由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312">伪目标</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">定义的若干条命令或者一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312">空目标文件</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">。如绝大多数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中都会包含一个“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">clean</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”伪目标，这个伪目标定义了删除</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">过程生成的所有文件的命令，需要删除这些文件时执行“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make 
clean</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”就可以了。本节以下列出了一些典型的伪目标和空目标的名字。</span></p>
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部分标准的伪目标和空目标命名：</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Wingdings; color: blue">
&sup2;<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><b>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: blue">
all</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
作为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的顶层目标，一般此目标作为默认的终极目标。</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Wingdings; color: blue">
&sup2;<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><b>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: blue">
clean</span></b></p>
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这个伪目标定义了一组命令，这些命令的功能是删除所有由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">创建的文件。</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Wingdings; color: blue">
&sup2;<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><b>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: blue">
mostlyclean</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
和“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">clean</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”伪目标功能相似。区别在于它所定义的删除命令不会全部删除由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">生成的文件。比如说不需要删除某些库文件。</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Wingdings; color: blue">
&sup2;<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><b>