make-04.html

unix make 文档

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通常规则的语法格式如下：</span></p>
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&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">TARGETS : 
PREREQUISITES</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">COMMAND</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">...</span></i></b></p>
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&nbsp;</span></p>
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或者：</span></p>
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&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">TARGETS : 
PREREQUISITES ; COMMAND</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">COMMAND</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">...</span></i></b></p>
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&nbsp;</span></p>
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规则中“</span><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">TARGETS</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”可以是空格分开的多个文件名，也可以是一个标签（例如：执行清空的“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">clean</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”）。“</span><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">TARGETS</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”的文件名可以使用通配符，格式“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">A(M)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”表示档案文件（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Linux</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">下的静态库</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">.a</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">文件）的成员“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">M</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”（关于静态库的重建可参考</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312">第十一章</span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312">使用</span>make<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312">更新静态库文件</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">）。通常规则只有一个目标文件（建议这么做），偶尔会在一个规则中需要多个目标。</span></p>
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书写规则是我们需要注意的几点：</span></p>
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1.<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
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规则的命令部分有两种书写方式：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">a.
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命令可以和目标：依赖描述放在同一行。命令在依赖文件列表后并使用分号（；）和依赖文件列表分开。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">b.
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命令在目标：依赖的描述的下一行，作为独立的命令行。<b>当作为独立的命令行时此行必须以</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">[Tab]</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">字符开始。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中，在第一个规则之后出现的所有以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">[Tab]</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">字符开始的行都会被当作命令来处理。</span></b></p>
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2.<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中符号“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">$</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”有特殊的含义（表示变量或者函数的引用），在规则中需要使用符号“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">$</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”的地方，需要书写两个连续的（“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">$$</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”）。</span></p>
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3.<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
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前边已提到过，对于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中一个较长的行，我们可以使用反斜线“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">\</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”将其书写到几个独立的物理行上。虽然</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">文本行的最大长度是没有限制的，但还是建议这样做。不仅书写方便而且更有利于别人的阅读（这也是一个程序员修养的体现）。</span></p>
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一个规则告诉“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”两件事：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">1.
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目标在什么情况下已经过期；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black"> 
2. </span>
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如果需要重建目标时，如何去重建这个目标。目标是否过期是由那些使用空格分割的规则的依赖文件所决定的。当目标文件不存在或者目标文件的最后修改时间比依赖文件中的任何一个晚时，目标就会被创建或者重建。就是说执行规则命令行的前提条件是以下两者之一：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">1.
</span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
目标文件不存在；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black"> 
2. </span>
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目标文件存在，但是规则的依赖文件中存在一个依赖的最后修改时间比目标的最后修改时间晚。</span></p>
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