make-08.html

unix make 文档

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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
替换“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">feet 
on the street</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”中的“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">ee</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”为“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">EE</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”，结果得到字符串“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">fEEt 
on the strEEt</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”。</span></p>
<h3><b><a name="_gnu_make_8.2.2"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue">8.2.2<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>$(patsubst PATTERN,REPLACEMENT,TEXT)</span></a></b></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
函数名称：模式替换函数—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">patsubst</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">。</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
函数功能：搜索“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">TEXT</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”中以空格分开的单词，将否符合模式“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">TATTERN</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”替换为“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">REPLACEMENT</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”。参数“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">PATTERN</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”中可以使用模式通配符“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">%</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”来代表一个单词中的若干字符。如果参数“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">REPLACEMENT</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”中也包含一个“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">%</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”，那么“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">REPLACEMENT</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”中的“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">%</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”将是“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">TATTERN</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”中的那个“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">%</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”所代表的字符串。在“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">TATTERN</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”和“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">REPLACEMENT</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”中，只有第一个“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">%</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”被作为模式字符来处理，之后出现的不再作模式字符（作为一个字符）。在参数中如果需要将第一个出现的“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">%</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”作为字符本身而不作为模式字符时，可使用反斜杠“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">\</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”进行转义处理（转义处理的机制和使用静态模式的转义一致，具体可参考</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
<span lang="EN-US">
<a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; text-underline: single" href="#_静态模式规则的语法">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; color: black; text-decoration: none">
5.12.1 </span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; text-decoration: none">
静态模式规则的语法</span></a> </span></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
一小节）。</span></p>
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返回值：替换后的新字符串。</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
函数说明：参数“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">TEXT</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”单词之间的多个空格在处理时被合并为一个空格，并忽略前导和结尾空格。</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
示例：</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">$(patsubst %.c,%.o,x.c.c 
bar.c)</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
把字串“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">x.c.c 
bar.c</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”中以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">.c</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">结尾的单词替换成以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">.o</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">结尾的字符。函数的返回结果是“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">x.c.o 
bar.o</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
本文的第六章在</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312">
变量的高级用法的第一小节</span> </span></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
中曾经讨论过变量的替换引用，它是一个简化版的“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">patsubst</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”函数在变量引用过程的实现。变量替换引用中：</span></p>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">
$(VAR:PATTERN=REPLACEMENT)</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
就相当于：</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:58.2pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">$(patsubst 
PATTERN,REPLACEMENT,$(VAR))</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
而另外一种更为简单的替换字符后缀的实现：</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:58.2pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">$(VAR:SUFFIX=REPLACEMENT)</span></i></b></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
它等于：</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:58.2pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">$(patsubst %SUFFIX,%REPLACEMENT,$(VAR))</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
例如我们存在一个代表所有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">.o</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">文件的变量。定义为“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">objects 
= foo.o bar.o baz.o</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”。为了得到这些</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">.o</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">文件所对应的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">.c</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">源文件。我们可以使用以下两种方式的任意一个：</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:58.2pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">$(objects:.o=.c)</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:58.2pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">$(patsubst %.o,%.c,$(objects))</span></i></b></p>
<h3><b><a name="_gnu_make_8.2.3"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue">8.2.3<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>$(strip STRINT)</span></a></b></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
函数名称：去空格函数—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">strip</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">。</span></p>