📄 make-08.html
字号:
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 13.85pt; margin-left: 29.95pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">$(FUNCTION
ARGUMENTS)</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial"> </span></p>
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或者：</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 13.85pt; margin-left: 29.95pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">${FUNCTION
ARGUMENTS}</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial"> </span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
对于函数调用的格式有以下几点说明：</span></p>
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1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
调用语法格式中“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">FUNCTION</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”是需要调用的函数名，它应该是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">内嵌的函数名。对于用户自己的函数需要通过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">call</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”函数来间接调用。</span></p>
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2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">ARGUMENTS</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”是函数的参数，参数和函数名之间使用若干个空格或者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">[tab]</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">字符分割（建议使用一个空格，这样不仅使在书写上比较直观，更重要的是当你不能确定是否可以使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">[Tab]</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的时候，避免不必要的麻烦）；如果存在多个参数时，参数之间使用逗号“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”分开。</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
以“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">$</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”开头，使用成对的圆括号或花括号把函数名和参数括起（在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中，圆括号和花括号在任何地方必须成对出现）。参数中存在变量或者函数的引用时，对它们所使用的分界符（圆括号或者花括号）建议和引用函数的相同，不使用两种不同的括号。推荐在变量引用和函数引用中统一使用圆括号；这样在使用“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">vim</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”编辑器书写</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">时，使用圆括它可以亮度显式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的内嵌函数名，避免函数名的拼写错误。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中应该这样来书写“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">$(sort
$(x))</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”；而不是“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">$(sort
${x})</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”和其它几种。</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
4.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
函数处理参数时，参数中如果存在对其它变量或者函数的引用，首先对这些引用进行展开得到参数的实际内容。而后才对它们进行处理。参数的展开顺序是按照参数的先后顺序来进行的。</span></p>
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5.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span>
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书写时，函数的参数不能出现逗号“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”和空格。这是因为逗号被作为多个参数的分隔符，前导空格会被忽略。在实际书写</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">时，当有逗号或者空格作为函数的参数时，需要把它们赋值给一个变量，在函数的参数中引用这个变量来实现。我们来看一个这样的例子：</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">comma:= ,</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">empty:=</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:58.2pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">space:=
$(empty) $(empty)</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:58.2pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">foo:= a b c</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">bar:= $(subst
$(space),$(comma),$(foo))</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial"> </span>
</i></b></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
这样我们就实现了“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">bar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”的值是“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">a,b,c</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”。</span></p>
<h2><a name="_gnu_make_8.2"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt">8.2<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman">
</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">文本处理函数</span></a></h2>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
以下是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">GNU
make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">内嵌的文本（字符串）处理函数。</span></p>
<h3><a name="_gnu_make_8.2.1"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue">8.2.1<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman">
</span>$(subst FROM,TO,TEXT)</span></b></a></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
函数名称：字符串替换函数—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">subst</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">。</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
函数功能：把字串“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">TEXT</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”中的“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">FROM</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”字符替换为“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">TO</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”。</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
返回值：替换后的新字符串。</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">
示例：</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:58.2pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">$(subst
ee,EE,feet on the street)</span></i></b></p>
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