make-05.html

unix make 文档

执行时，将会得到“开始编译</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">XXX</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">模块</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">......</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”这条输出信息。如果在命令行之前没有字符“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">@</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”，那么，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的输出将是：</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">echo</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">编译</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">XXX</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">模块</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">......</span></i></b></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">编译</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">XXX</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">模块</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">......</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
&nbsp;</span></p>
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另外，如果使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的命令行参数“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">-n</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”或“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">--just-print</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”，那么</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">执行时只显示所要执行的命令，但不会真正的去执行这些命令。只有在这种情况下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">才会打印出所有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">需要执行的命令，其中也包括了使用“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">@</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”字符开始的命令。这个选项对于我们调试</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">非常有用，使用这个选项我们可以按执行顺序打印出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中所有需要执行的所有命令。</span></p>
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而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">参数“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">-s</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”或“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">--slient</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”则是禁止所有执行命令的显示，就好像所有的命令行均使用“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">@</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”开始一样。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中使用没有依赖的特殊目标“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">.SILENT</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”也可以禁止命令的回显，但是它不如使用“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">@</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”来的灵活。因此在书写</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">时，我们推荐使用“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">@</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”来控制命令的回显。</span></p>
<h2><a name="_gnu_make_5.2"><span style="font-size: 14pt" lang="en-us"><b>5</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt">.2<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">命令的执行</span></a></h2>
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规则中，当目标需要被重建时。此规则所定义的命令将会被执行，如果是多行命令，那么每一行命令将在一个独立的子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">shell</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">进程中被执行（就是说，每一行命令的执行是在一个独立的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">shell</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">进城中完成）。因此，多行命令之间的执行是相互独立的，相互之间不存在依赖（多条命令行的执行为多个相互独立的进程）。</span></p>
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在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中书写在同一行中的多个命令属于一个完整的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">shell</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">命令行，书写在独立行的一条命令是一个独立的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">shell</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">命令行。因此<b>：在一个规则的命令中，命令行“</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">cd</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”改变目录不会对其后的命令的执行产生影响。就是说其后的命令执行的工作目录不会是之前使用“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">cd</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”进入的那个目录。如果要实现这个目的</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">，<b>就不能把“</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">cd</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”和其后的命令放在两行来书写。而应该把这两条命令写在一行上，用分号分隔。这样它们才是一个完整的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">shell</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">命令行。如：</span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">foo : bar/lose</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">cd bar; gobble 
lose &gt; ../foo</span></i></b></p>
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&nbsp;</span></p>
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如果希望把一个完整的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">shell</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">命令行书写在多行上，需要使用反斜杠（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">\</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">）来对处于多行的命令进行连接，表示他们是一个完整的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">shell</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">命令行。例如上例我们以也可以这样书写：</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 13.85pt; margin-left: 29.95pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">foo : bar/lose</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 13.85pt; margin-left: 58.2pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">cd bar;&nbsp; \</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:58.2pt"><b><i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial">gobble lose &gt; 
../foo</span></i></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
&nbsp;</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">
make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">对所有规则命令的解析使用环境变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">SHELL</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”所指定的那个程序，在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">GNU 
make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中，默认的程序是“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">/bin/sh</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”。</span></p>
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不像其他绝大多数变量，它们的值可以直接从同名的系统环境变量那里获得。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的环境变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">SHELL</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”没有使用系统环境变量的定义。因为系统环境变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">SHELL</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”指定那个程序被用来作为用户和系统交互的接口程序，它对于不存在直接交互过程的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">显然不合适。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">的环境变量中“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">SHELL</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”会被重新赋值；它作为一个变量我们也可以在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">中明确地给它赋值（指出解释程序的名字，当明确指定时需要使用完整的路径名。如“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">/bin/sh</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”），变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">SHELL</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”的默认值是“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial; color: black">/bin/sh</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black">”。</span></p>