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<a name="chapter_03"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">
第三章：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18.0pt">Makefile </span>
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">总述</span></a></h1>
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<h2><a name="_gnu_make_3.1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt"><b>3.1 Makefile</b></span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">的</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">内容</span></a></h2>
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在一个完整的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">中，包含了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">5</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">个东西：显式规则、隐含规则、变量定义、指示符和注释。关于“规则”、“变量”和“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">指示符”将在后续的章节进行详细的讨论。本章讨论的是一些基本概念。</span></p>
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显式规则：它描述了在何种情况下如何更新一个或者多个被称为目标的文件（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">的目标文件）。书写</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">时需要明确地给出目标文件、目标的依赖文件列表以及更新目标文件所需要的命令（有些规则没有命令，这样的规则只是纯粹的描述了文件之间的依赖关系）。</span></p>
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隐含规则：它是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">根据一类目标文件（典型的是根据文件名的后缀）而自动推导出来的规则。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">根据目标文件的名，自动产生目标的依赖文件并使用默认的命令来对目标进行更新（建立一个规则）。</span></p>
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变量定义：使用一个字符或字符串代表一段文本串，当定义了一个变量以后，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">后续在需要使用此文本串的地方，通过引用这个变量来实现对文本串的使用。第一章的例子中，我们就定义了一个变量“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">objects</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">”来表示一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">.o</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">文件列表。</span></p>
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Makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">指示符：指示符指明在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">make</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">程序读取</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">makefile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312">文件过程中所要执行的一个动作。其中包括：</span></p>
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