c语言基础(07-c语言中的关键字).htm

语言基础(初学都必修)包括数据类型、运算符与表达式,运算符和表达式,逻辑运算符和逻辑表达式,C语言中的关键字,定义宏和使用宏定义,数据类型转换

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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>short int </SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">短整型</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>10<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>-12<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>90</SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>unsigned int</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无符号整型</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>10000U<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>987U<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>40000</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数后面加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>U</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表示</SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>float</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">浮点型</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>123.23F<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>4.34e-3F</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>double</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">双精度型</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>123.23<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>12312333<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>-0.98765432</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>long double</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">长双精度型</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>1001.2L</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数后面加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>L</SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">十六进制和八进制常量</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">――在有些地方使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制数或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制数比用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制数要方便。以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制为基数的数字系统称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制，使用数字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>0~7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">代表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制为基数的系统称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制，使用数字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>0~9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>A~F</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">代表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开头，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>0x</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开头。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>int hex=0x80;<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>/*16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>80</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，代表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>128*/</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>int oct=012;<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>/*8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，代表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进制的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10*/</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">串常量</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">――</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语言还支持另一种类型的常量，即字符串常量。所谓的串是用双引号括起来的若干个字符，如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”This is test”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就是一个字符串常量。注意字符与字符串的区别。字符一般指单个的字符，用单引号括起来，如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>’a’</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”a”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">却是一个字符串。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">反斜线字符常量</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">――这是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语言中比较特殊的字符常量，在实际应用中也是最容易出错的地方。这些字符的特点都是以反斜线</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>’\’</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开头，后面跟着的字符表示了其它的含义。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR>#include&lt;stdio.h&gt;<BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>main()<BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>{<BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>printf(“\n\t This is test”);<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>/*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">括号里面就有反斜线字符常量，表示了一种特殊的含义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>*/<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>return 0;<BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>}</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">反斜线代码列表如下：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">代码</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">\b<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">退格</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 98.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=131>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">\f<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>