c语言基础(10-字符数据类型和字符串).htm

语言基础(初学都必修)包括数据类型、运算符与表达式,运算符和表达式,逻辑运算符和逻辑表达式,C语言中的关键字,定义宏和使用宏定义,数据类型转换

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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">void<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>&nbsp;<SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>&nbsp;<SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>&nbsp;<SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">基本数据类型</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">C</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语言中的字符型数据</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">――前面讲过，所谓字符类型，是用来存放字符的。比如定义了一个字符变量：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">char ch; </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">然后可以把一个字符赋给这个变量　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">ch=’a’; </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但是在程序中会经常看到这样的写法　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">ch=97,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在这里把一个整数赋给了字符变量。这是允许的。对于字符型、整型之间的区别，不在于字符型非得放一个字符，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">整型变量也只能接收整型数，不是这样。在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">C</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语言中，不管是字符型或整型，都可以存放整数。它们之间仅仅</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是表示数的范围不同，即长度不同。实际上，</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">每一个字符是用一个整数来表示的</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，这样的与字符对应的整数称做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><BR>ASCII</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">代码。（见</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">P374</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">ASCII</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">值</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 23.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; mso-border-left-alt: solid #3366FF .5pt" vAlign=top width=32>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字符</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">控制字符</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">ASCII</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">值</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字符</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">ASCII</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">值</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 24.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; mso-border-left-alt: solid #3366FF .5pt" vAlign=top width=33>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字符</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">ASCII</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">值</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 24.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; mso-border-left-alt: solid #3366FF .5pt" vAlign=top width=33>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字符</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">ASCII</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">值</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字符</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">ASCII</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">值</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字符</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">ASCII</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">值</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 21.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; mso-border-left-alt: solid #3366FF .5pt" vAlign=top width=28>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字符</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">ASCII</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">值</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 1cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; mso-border-left-alt: solid #3366FF .5pt" vAlign=top width=38>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字符</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">000<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">null<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: white">NUL<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #3366ff 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 39.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #3366ff 0.5