chp1.htm

数字图象处理入门,非常好的书！！！！推荐！

font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;line-height:18.0pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>我们称这种显示器为位映象设备。所谓位映象，就是指一个二维的象素矩阵，而位图就是采用位映象方法显示和存储的图象。举个例子，图</span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>1.1</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>是一幅普通的黑白位图，图</span><span style='font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>1.2</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:10.5pt'>是被放大后的图，图中每个方格代表了一个象素。我们可以看到：整个骷髅就是由这样一些黑点和白点组成的。</span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

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  <p class=a style='line-height:18.0pt'><b><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:
  宋体'>图</span>1.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </b><b><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:
  宋体'>骷髅</span></b></p>
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  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><b><span
  lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>图</span></b><b><span style='font-size:
  10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>1.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><b><span
  lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>放大后的骷髅位图</span></b><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;line-height:18.0pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>那么，彩色图是怎么回事呢？</span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;line-height:18.0pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>我们先来说说三元色</span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>RGB</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>概念。</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;line-height:18.0pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>我们知道，自然界中的所有颜色都可以由红、绿、蓝</span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>(R</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>，</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'>G</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>，</span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>B)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>组合而成。有的颜色含有红色成分多一些，如深红；有的含有红色成分少一些，如浅红。针对含有红色成分的多少，可以分成</span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>0</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>到</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'>255</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:
10.5pt'>共</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>256</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>个等级，</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'>0</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>级表示不含红色成分；</span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>255</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>级表示含有</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'>100%</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:
10.5pt'>的红色成分。同样，绿色和蓝色也被分成</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>256</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>级。这种分级概念称为量化。</span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;line-height:18.0pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>这样，根据红、绿、蓝各种不同的组合我们就能表示出</span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>256×256×256</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>，约</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'>1600</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:
10.5pt'>万种颜色。这么多颜色对于我们人眼来说已经足够丰富了。</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p align=center style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;
line-height:18.0pt'><b><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>表</span></b><b><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>1.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></b><b><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>常见颜色的</span></b><b><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>RGB</span></b><b><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>组合值</span></b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<div align=center>

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 mso-cellspacing:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
 <tr>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p class=a style='line-height:18.0pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:
  宋体'>颜色</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p class=a style='line-height:18.0pt'>R</p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p class=a style='line-height:18.0pt'>G</p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p class=a style='line-height:18.0pt'>B</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>红</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
  font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>255<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>蓝</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
  font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>255<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>绿</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
  font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>255<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>黄</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
  font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>255<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>255<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:10.5pt'>紫</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
  font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="25%" style='width:25.0%;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span
  style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>255<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>