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<h1><a>perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet</a></h1>
<p><a name="__index__"></a></p>
<!-- INDEX BEGIN -->
<ul>
<li><a href="#name">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
<ul>
<li><a href="#the_sheet">The sheet</a></li>
</ul>
<li><a href="#acknowledgements">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</a></li>
<li><a href="#author">AUTHOR</a></li>
<li><a href="#see_also">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul>
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<p>
</p>
<h1><a name="name">NAME</a></h1>
<p>perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
<p>This 'cheat sheet' is a handy reference, meant for beginning Perl
programmers. Not everything is mentioned, but 194 features may
already be overwhelming.</p>
<p>
</p>
<h2><a name="the_sheet">The sheet</a></h2>
<pre>
<span class="variable">CONTEXTS</span> <span class="variable">SIGILS</span> <span class="variable">ARRAYS</span> <span class="variable">HASHES</span>
<span class="variable">void</span> <span class="variable">$scalar</span> <span class="variable">whole</span><span class="operator">:</span> <span class="variable">@array</span> <span class="variable">%hash</span>
<span class="keyword">scalar</span> <span class="variable">@array</span> <span class="variable">slice</span><span class="operator">:</span> <span class="variable">@array</span><span class="operator">[</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="operator">,</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="operator">]</span> <span class="variable">@hash</span><span class="operator">{</span><span class="string">'a'</span><span class="operator">,</span> <span class="string">'b'</span><span class="operator">}</span>
<span class="variable">list</span> <span class="variable">%hash</span> <span class="variable">element</span><span class="operator">:</span> <span class="variable">$array</span><span class="operator">[</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="operator">]</span> <span class="variable">$hash</span><span class="operator">{</span><span class="string">'a'</span><span class="operator">}</span>
<span class="operator">&</span><span class="variable">sub</span>
<span class="variable">*glob</span> <span class="variable">SCALAR</span> <span class="variable">VALUES</span>
<span class="variable">number</span><span class="operator">,</span> <span class="variable">string</span><span class="operator">,</span> <span class="variable">reference</span><span class="operator">,</span> <span class="keyword">glob</span><span class="operator">,</span> <span class="keyword">undef</span>
<span class="variable">REFERENCES</span>
<span class="operator">\</span> <span class="variable">references</span> <span class="variable">$$foo</span><span class="operator">[</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="operator">]</span> <span class="variable">aka</span> <span class="variable">$foo</span><span class="operator">-></span><span class="operator">[</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="operator">]</span>
<span class="variable">$@</span><span class="variable">%&</span><span class="operator">*</span> <span class="variable">dereference</span> <span class="variable">$$foo</span><span class="operator">{</span><span class="string">bar</span><span class="operator">}</span> <span class="variable">aka</span> <span class="variable">$foo</span><span class="operator">-></span><span class="operator">{</span><span class="string">bar</span><span class="operator">}</span>
<span class="operator">[]</span> <span class="variable">anon</span><span class="operator">.</span> <span class="variable">arrayref</span> <span class="variable">$</span><span class="operator">{</span><span class="variable">$$foo</span><span class="operator">[</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="operator">]}[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="operator">]</span> <span class="variable">aka</span> <span class="variable">$foo</span><span class="operator">-></span><span class="operator">[</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="operator">]</span><span class="operator">-></span><span class="operator">[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="operator">]</span>
<span class="operator">{}</span> <span class="variable">anon</span><span class="operator">.</span> <span class="variable">hashref</span> <span class="variable">$</span><span class="operator">{</span><span class="variable">$$foo</span><span class="operator">[</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="operator">]}[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="operator">]</span> <span class="variable">aka</span> <span class="variable">$foo</span><span class="operator">-></span><span class="operator">[</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="operator">][</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="operator">]</span>
<span class="operator">\()</span> <span class="variable">list</span> <span class="variable">of</span> <span class="variable">refs</span>
<span class="variable">NUMBERS</span> <span class="variable">vs</span> <span class="variable">STRINGS</span> <span class="variable">LINKS</span>
<span class="variable">OPERATOR</span> <span class="variable">PRECEDENCE</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="variable">perl</span><span class="operator">.</span><span class="variable">plover</span><span class="operator">.</span><span class="variable">com</span>
<span class="operator">-></span> + <span class="operator">.</span> <span class="variable">search</span><span class="operator">.</span><span class="variable">cpan</span><span class="operator">.</span><span class="variable">org</span>
<span class="operator">++</span> <span class="operator">--</span> <span class="operator">==</span> <span class="operator">!=</span> <span class="keyword">eq</span> <span class="keyword">ne</span> <span class="variable">cpan</span><span class="operator">.</span><span class="variable">org</span>
<span class="operator">**</span> <span class="operator"><</span> <span class="operator">></span> <span class="operator"><=</span> <span class="operator">>=</span> <span class="keyword">lt</span> <span class="keyword">gt</span> <span class="keyword">le</span> <span class="keyword">ge</span> <span class="variable">pm</span><span class="operator">.</span><span class="variable">org</span>
<span class="operator">!</span> <span class="operator">~</span> <span class="operator">\</span> <span class="variable">u</span><span class="operator">+</span> <span class="variable">u</span><span class="operator">-</span> <span class="operator"><=></span> <span class="keyword">cmp</span> <span class="variable">tpj</span><span class="operator">.</span><span class="variable">com</span>
<span class="operator">=~</span> <span class="operator">!~</span> <span class="variable">perldoc</span><span class="operator">.</span><span class="variable">com</span>
<span class="operator">*</span> <span class="operator">/</span> <span class="operator">% x</span> <span class="variable">SYNTAX</span>
<span class="operator">+</span> <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="operator">.</span> <span class="keyword">for</span> <span class="operator">(</span><span class="variable">LIST</span><span class="operator">)</span> <span class="operator">{</span> <span class="operator">},</span> <span class="keyword">for</span> <span class="operator">(</span><span class="variable">a</span><span class="operator">;</span><span class="variable">b</span><span class="operator">;</span><span class="variable">c</span><span class="operator">)</span> <span class="operator">{</span> <span class="operator">}</span>
<span class="operator"><<</span><span class="default"> </span><span class="operator">>></span> <span class="keyword">while</span> <span class="operator">(</span> <span class="operator">)</span> <span class="operator">{</span> <span class="operator">},</span> <span class="keyword">until</span> <span class="operator">(</span> <span class="operator">)</span> <span class="operator">{</span> <span class="operator">}</span><span class="string">
named uops if ( ) { } elsif ( ) { } else { }
< > <= >= lt gt le ge unless ( ) { } elsif ( ) { } else { }
== != <=> eq ne cmp for equals foreach (ALWAYS)
&
| ^ REGEX METACHARS REGEX MODIFIERS
&& ^ string begin /i case insens.
|| $ str. end (before \n) /m line based ^$
.. ... + one or more /s . includes \n
?: * zero or more /x ign. wh.space
= += -= *= etc. ? zero or one /g global
, => {3,7} repeat in range
list ops () capture REGEX CHARCLASSES
not (?:) no capture . == [^\n]
and [] character class \s == [\x20\f\t\r\n]
or xor | alternation \w == [A-Za-z0-9_]
\b word boundary \d == [0-9]
\z string end \S, \W and \D negate
DO
use strict; DON'T LINKS
use warnings; "$foo" perl.com
my $var; $$variable_name perlmonks.org
open() or die $!; `$userinput` use.perl.org
use Modules; /$userinput/ perl.apache.org
parrotcode.org
FUNCTION RETURN LISTS
stat localtime caller SPECIAL VARIABLES
0 dev 0 second 0 package $_ default variable
1 ino 1 minute 1 filename $0 program name
2 mode 2 hour 2 line $/ input separator
3 nlink 3 day 3 subroutine $\ output separator
4 uid 4 month-1 4 hasargs $| autoflush
5 gid 5 year-1900 5 wantarray $! sys/libcall error
6 rdev 6 weekday 6 evaltext $@ eval error
7 size 7 yearday 7 is_require $$ process ID
8 atime 8 is_dst 8 hints $. line number
9 mtime 9 bitmask @ARGV command line args
10 ctime just use @INC include paths
11 blksz POSIX:: 3..9 only @_ subroutine args
12 blcks strftime! with EXPR %ENV environment
</span>
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="acknowledgements">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</a></h1>
<p>The first version of this document appeared on Perl Monks, where several
people had useful suggestions. Thank you, Perl Monks.</p>
<p>A special thanks to Damian Conway, who didn't only suggest important changes,
but also took the time to count the number of listed features and make a
Perl 6 version to show that Perl will stay Perl.</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="author">AUTHOR</a></h1>
<p>Juerd Waalboer <<a href="mailto:juerd@cpan.org">juerd@cpan.org</a>>, with the help of many Perl Monks.</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="see_also">SEE ALSO</a></h1>
<pre>
<a href="http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=216602">http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=216602</a> the original PM post
<a href="http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=238031">http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=238031</a> Damian Conway's Perl 6 version
<a href="http://juerd.nl/site.plp/">http://juerd.nl/site.plp/</a><a href="../../lib/Pod/perlcheat.html">perlcheat</a> home of the Perl Cheat Sheet</pre>
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