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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"><HTML><HEAD> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html;CHARSET=iso-8859-1"><SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript"><!--function popUp(pPage) { var fullURL = document.location; var textURL = fullURL.toString(); var URLlen = textURL.length; var lenMinusPage = textURL.lastIndexOf("/"); lenMinusPage += 1; var fullPath = textURL.substring(0,lenMinusPage); popUpWin = window.open('','popWin','resizable=yes,scrollbars=no,width=525,height=394'); figDoc= popUpWin.document; zhtm= '<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>' + pPage + '</TITLE>'; zhtm += '</head>'; zhtm += '<BODY bgcolor="#FFFFFF">'; zhtm += '<IMG SRC="' + fullPath + pPage + '">'; zhtm += '<P><B>' + pPage + '</B>'; zhtm += '</BODY></HTML>'; window.popUpWin.document.write(zhtm); window.popUpWin.document.close(); // Johnny Jackson 4/28/98 }//--> </SCRIPT><link rel="stylesheet" href="/includes/stylesheets/ebooks.css"> <META NAME="GENERATOR" Content="Symantec Visual Page Mac 1.1.1"> <TITLE>Teach Yourself Visual C++ 6 in 21 Days -- Ch 12 -- Adding Toolbars and Status Bars</TITLE></HEAD><BODY TEXT="#000000" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"><H1 ALIGN="CENTER"><IMG SRC="../button/sams.gif" WIDTH="171" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="BOTTOM"BORDER="0"><BR>Teach Yourself Visual C++ 6 in 21 Days</H1><CENTER><P><A HREF="../ch11/ch11.htm"><IMG SRC="../button/previous.gif" WIDTH="128" HEIGHT="28"ALIGN="BOTTOM" ALT="Previous chapter" BORDER="0"></A><A HREF="../ch13/ch13.htm"><IMGSRC="../button/next.gif" WIDTH="128" HEIGHT="28" ALIGN="BOTTOM" ALT="Next chapter"BORDER="0"></A><A HREF="../index.htm"><IMG SRC="../button/contents.gif" WIDTH="128"HEIGHT="28" ALIGN="BOTTOM" ALT="Contents" BORDER="0"></A> <HR></CENTER><H1 ALIGN="CENTER">- 12 -<BR>Adding Toolbars and Status Bars</H1><H1></H1><UL> <LI><A HREF="#Heading1">Toolbars, Status Bars, and Menus</A> <LI><A HREF="#Heading2">Designing a Toolbar</A> <UL> <LI><A HREF="#Heading3">Creating a New Toolbar</A> <LI><A HREF="#Heading4">Attaching the Toolbar to the Application Frame</A> <LI><A HREF="#Heading5">Controlling the Toolbar Visibility</A> </UL> <LI><A HREF="#Heading6">Adding a Combo Box to a Toolbar</A> <UL> <LI><A HREF="#Heading7">Editing the Project Resources</A> <LI><A HREF="#Heading8">Creating the Toolbar Combo Box</A> <LI><A HREF="#Heading9">Handling the Toolbar Combo Box Events</A> <LI><A HREF="#Heading10">Updating the Toolbar Combo Box</A> </UL> <LI><A HREF="#Heading11">Adding a New Status Bar Element</A> <UL> <LI><A HREF="#Heading12">Adding a New Status Bar Pane</A> <LI><A HREF="#Heading13">Setting a Status Bar Pane Text</A> </UL> <LI><A HREF="#Heading14">Summary</A> <LI><A HREF="#Heading15">Q&A</A> <LI><A HREF="#Heading16">Workshop</A> <UL> <LI><A HREF="#Heading17">Quiz</A> <LI><A HREF="#Heading18">Exercises</A> </UL></UL><P><HR SIZE="4"><BR>When you created your SDI and MDI applications, they not only came with default menusalready attached, but also they came with simple toolbars to go with the menus. Thesesimple toolbars had the standard set of functions (New, Open, Save, Print, Cut, Copy,and Paste) that are on the toolbars of most Windows applications. Most applicationsdon't limit their toolbars to just this standard selection of functions but havecustomized toolbars that reflect the specific functionality of the application.</P><P>In addition to the toolbars, the SDI and MDI applications have a status bar atthe bottom of the frame that provides textual descriptions of the toolbar buttonsand menu entries. The status bar also has default areas that display whether theCaps, Num, and Scroll Lock keys are on.</P><P>Today, you will learn</P><P><UL> <LI>How to design your own toolbar. <P> <LI>How to attach your toolbar to the application frame. <P> <LI>How to show and hide your toolbar with a menu entry. <P> <LI>How to place a combo box on your toolbar. <P> <LI>How to display descriptions of your toolbar entries in the status bar. <P> <LI>How to add your own status bar elements.</UL><H2><A NAME="Heading1"></A>Toolbars, Status Bars, and Menus</H2><P>One of the driving intentions behind the development of Graphical User Interfaces(GUI) such as Windows was the goal of making computers easier to use and learn. Inthe effort to accomplish this goal, GUI designers stated that all applications shoulduse a standard set of menus and that the menus should be organized in a standardizedmanner. When Microsoft designed the Windows operating system, it followed this samephilosophy, using a standard set of menus organized in a standard order on most ofits applications.</P><P>A funny thing happened once Windows became widely used. The application designersfound that new users still had a difficult time learning new applications and thatadvanced users found the menus cumbersome. As a result, the application designersinvented toolbars as one solution to both problems.</P><P>A toolbar is a small band attached to the window frame or a dialog window thatis floating independent of the application frame. This band (or dialog) has a numberof small buttons containing graphic images that can be used in place of the menus.The application designers place the most commonly used functions for their applicationson these toolbars and do their best to design graphical images that illustrate thefunctions the buttons serve.</P><P>Once advanced users learned what each of the toolbar buttons do, the toolbarswere a hit. However, novice users still had problems learning what the toolbar does.As a result, the application designers went back to the drawing board to come upwith ways to help the new user learn how use the toolbar buttons.</P><P>One of the solutions was to use the information bar that many of them had begunplacing at the bottom of application windows to provide detailed descriptions ofboth menu entries and toolbar buttons. One of the other solutions was to providea little pop-up window with a short description of the button that appears wheneverthe mouse is positioned over the button for more than a couple of seconds. The firstof these solutions became known as the status bar, and the second became known astooltips. Both solutions are in common practice with most Windows applications today.</P><P>If you want to design and use your own toolbars and status bars in your applications,you might think that Visual C++ provides plenty of support for your efforts and evenmakes it easy to implement. After all, Microsoft's own application developers havebeen in the forefront of developing these elements, and most, if not all, of Microsoft'sWindows applications are developed using its own Visual C++. Well, you are correctin making that assumption, and today, you'll learn how to create your own customtoolbars and status bars for your applications.</P><P><H2><A NAME="Heading2"></A>Designing a Toolbar</H2><P>For learning how to create your own toolbar, you will modify the application thatyou created on Day 10, "Creating Single Document Interface Applications,"the SDI drawing application, to add a toolbar for selecting the color to use in drawing.</P><BLOCKQUOTE> <P><HR><STRONG>NOTE:</STRONG> Although the sample application you are working with today is an extension to the application you built on Day 10, all file and class names have been changed from Day10 to Toolbar. If you are making the changes in the Day 10 project, then when the following text specifies that you make changes to the CToolbarDoc class, you should make the changes to the CDay10Doc class. Likewise, when you are asked to edit the Toolbar.rc file, you can edit the Day10.rc file.<HR></BLOCKQUOTE><P>If all you want to do is add a few additional toolbar buttons to the default toolbarthat the AppWizard creates when you start a new SDI or MDI application, you can pullup the toolbar in the Visual C++ designer through the Resource View in the workspacepane and begin adding new buttons. Just as in the Menu Designer, the end of the toolbaralways has a blank entry, waiting for you to turn it into another toolbar button,as shown in Figure 12.1. All you have to do is select this blank button, drag itto the right if you want a separator between it and the button beside it, or dragit to a different position if you want it moved. After you have the button in thedesired location, you paint an icon on the button that illustrates the function thatthe button will trigger. Finally, double-click the button in the toolbar view toopen the button's properties dialog and give the button the same ID as the menu thatit will trigger. The moment that you compile and run your application, you will havea new toolbar button that performs a menu selection that you chose. If you want toget rid of a toolbar button, just grab it on the toolbar view, and drag it off thetoolbar.</P><P><A HREF="javascript:popUp('12fig01tif.gif')"><B>FIGURE 12.1.</B></A><B> </B><I>Thetoolbar designer.</I></P><P><I></I><H3><A NAME="Heading3"></A>Creating a New Toolbar</H3><P>To insert a new toolbar, right-click on the Toolbar folder and select Insert Toolbarfrom the pop-up menu. This creates an empty toolbar with a single blank button. Asyou start drawing an icon on each of the blank buttons in the toolbar, another blankbutton is added on the end.</P><P>For use in your drawing application, fill eight buttons with the eight colorsavailable in the drawing application.</P><P>Once you draw icons on each of the buttons in your toolbar, double-click on thefirst button in the toolbar view. This should open the toolbar button propertiesdialog. In the ID field, enter (or select from the drop-down list) the ID of themenu that this toolbar button should trigger. In the Prompt field, enter the descriptionthat should appear in the status bar for this toolbar button. (If you entered a promptfor the menu, then this field is automatically populated with the menu description.)At the end of the status bar description, add \n and a short description to appearin the tooltips for the toolbar button.</P><BLOCKQUOTE> <P><HR><STRONG>NOTE:</STRONG> In C/C++, the \n string is a shorthand notation for "begin a new line." In the prompt for toolbar buttons and menu entries, this string is used to separate the status bar descriptions of the menu entries and the tooltips pop-up prompt that appears when the mouse is held over a toolbar button for a few seconds. The first line of the prompt is used for the status bar description, and the second line is used for the tooltips description. The tooltips description is only used with the toolbars, so there's no reason to add this for menu entries that will have no toolbar equivalents.<HR></BLOCKQUOTE><P>For example, for the black button on the toolbar that you are creating for yourdrawing application, enter an ID of <B>ID_COLOR_BLACK</B> and a prompt of <B>Blackdrawing color\nBlack</B>, as shown in Figure 12.2.</P><P><A HREF="javascript:popUp('12fig02tif.gif')"><B>FIGURE 12.2.</B></A><B> </B><I>Thetoolbar button properties dialog.</I></P><P>Once you finish designing your toolbar and have icons on all of your buttons withthe properties set for each button, you will change the toolbar ID. In the workspacepane, right-click the new toolbar that you just added and open its properties dialog.Change the toolbar ID to a descriptive name.</P><P>As an example, for the color toolbar that you created for your drawing application,change the toolbar ID to IDR_TBCOLOR.</P><P><H3><A NAME="Heading4"></A>Attaching the Toolbar to the Application Frame</H3><P>In the previous SDI and MDI applications, you didn't add any functionality thatrequired you to touch the frame window. Well, because the toolbar is attached tothe frame, you'll have to begin adding and modifying code in that module. If youopen the CMainFrame class to the OnCreate function, you'll see where it's creatingthe existing toolbar and then later in this function where the toolbar is being attachedto the frame.</P><P>Before you can add your toolbar to the application frame, you need to add a variableto the CMainFrame class to hold the new toolbar. This variable of type CToolBar shouldbe protected in accessibility.</P><P>To add your color toolbar to your draw application, right-click the CMainFrameclass in the Class View tab of the workspace pane. Select Add Member Variable fromthe pop-up menu, and specify the variable type as CToolBar, the name as m_wndColorBar,and the access as protected.</P><P>After you add a variable for your toolbar, you need to add some code in the OnCreatefunction in the CMainFrame class to add the toolbar and attach it to the frame. Makethe modifications in Listing 12.1 to add the color toolbar to your drawing application.</P><P><H4>LISTING 12.1. THE MODIFIED CMainFrame.OnCreate FUNCTION.</H4><PRE> 1: int CMainFrame::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct) 2: { 3: if (CFrameWnd::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1) 4: return -1; 5: 6: if (!m_wndToolBar.CreateEx(this, TBSTYLE_FLAT, ÂWS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | CBRS_TOP 7: | CBRS_GRIPPER | CBRS_TOOLTIPS | CBRS_FLYBY | ÂCBRS_SIZE_DYNAMIC) || 8: !m_wndToolBar.LoadToolBar(IDR_MAINFRAME)) 9: {10: TRACE0("Failed to create toolbar\n");11: return -1; // fail to create12: }13: 14: ///////////////////////</PRE><PRE>15: // MY CODE STARTS HERE</PRE><PRE>16: ///////////////////////17: 18: // Add the color toolbar19: int iTBCtlID;20: int i;21: 22: // Create the Color Toolbar23: if (!m_wndColorBar.CreateEx(this, TBSTYLE_FLAT, WS_CHILD |24: WS_VISIBLE | CBRS_TOP | CBRS_GRIPPER | CBRS_TOOLTIPS |25: CBRS_FLYBY | CBRS_SIZE_DYNAMIC) ||26: !m_wndColorBar.LoadToolBar(IDR_TBCOLOR))27: {28: TRACE0("Failed to create toolbar\n");29: return -1; // fail to create30: }31: // Find the Black button on the toolbar32: iTBCtlID = m_wndColorBar.CommandToIndex(ID_COLOR_BLACK);33: if (iTBCtlID >= 0)34: {35: // Loop through the buttons, setting them to act as radio Âbuttons36: for (i= iTBCtlID; i < (iTBCtlID + 8); i++)37: m_wndColorBar.SetButtonStyle(i, TBBS_CHECKGROUP);38: }39: 40: ///////////////////////41: // MY CODE ENDS HERE42: ///////////////////////43: 44: if (!m_wndStatusBar.Create(this) ||⌨️ 快捷键说明
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