数字钟.ewb

如何用单片机设计数字电路的资料

JH>@;48HL@LDO8H0K4>0><90ADC@<0<@<8B0L0G4C@O<9@0H9HC@2LE4DD5<44<LB
L1@206H44=@D43464H4IHH8N<001HB0E08@G<DD=088JHD8@0?L$000@80A0C0448
<0@A00H1880@0J@0<CH5L<HH8A@D4N<8H1HI0CHC0<@C<G@A0=DO8N8M09H3874<D
=4BLGD<@6H>0KHI@04B48H0L1D206<<0@0M@B4B4F<HH<HB8IDLHB@74E<KD<@@0G
0K4G0C0M49L6@3<N<@HIDC<G8LD40MDO4289D2<IHBL6@<@N4;DK@G@44K<307040
@82H:H60H4ID986<L<70C<701LA8@D3<;L146@<@<8388<ID4864H4IHD87D6L=8L
8D8D@2HH4K450C<H0AH8D9D8468<4L0DLC4B0LH<LB04<G<C@@4H<7<3D24MH6H58
@HI@AD@4D<4H30N4C<1<C0@0?L$000@>8H0I0240<8@0<0D4080M844IL2L6<<4HH
J0?44<0L<@5LJ4DH5LALMHD@B4:<BH>HK49<<H0<LLID3@20=4>@J000644<<L2L1
0346DG<I4;H><I8C@9D6<C<8L20F<GH>06HA@0H1@B0>D280<0H9DF8HHC06L=@KH
J@5D;<=480H04@C<4HF@5L=4I0L8G<G0?48<FH64>0800@0444<80H1DB4<@3LG@@
@CD<0G0I0@40<HLA@C<30AL88K87@70IL30L<;DJ8F@LD6@DHC4046<8HH014<DF<
H08@6L9<1@2L60<0L0G0142HLH1@FLD<C40<LLG@4LH<LH=@;8M8O<5<J@ID9DK8C
H9@9@<4E0C494HH9D>@6<I4K@9@6D64684HID9@F054:@I@2@0<DH;824HD;@688<
;06<D4=@54C<F020B@1@3@6D=HD88<94B@MHB0648LI@80>4<@EHC<446<;@<L6<;
0<84<LLC@KH7HO@:03HN01L$000@I0@0900<080HA00H1880@0J@@<C<6L<@I8?@@
40<4810102468>0A04@O<L0O4<84HI@3078=LL@@0M@B4L4080H1@C<GD<@F<G@<@
><K8DH5LALMHD@B4:<BH>HK49<<H0<LLIDK@68D8@<0HA0347480H@E0;4D<DD544
HK4=@9HC4F<K8GDFLJ@@0M@B464D<4HK4=DI@3<6H=LM8I0HDK<7<04?D941<A<34
<0D8C<00@HA<3@6H=8J@A0>42<K4A@@@9<44<40HC8DD8<0HA03<60>4KHDD4H=@9
0I@30580H9D9@>LE0C4804H1@<HH@9030J8BHC8G4H0ID8@F@>8D<>8J@A@BD140H
0D2<1<G4H@H@1D<49<JL<@LDJ@E0A4I05<6HAL@00H9H3<70G@4DH<4H@HIH44<LA
8C0L0HHK<KD<D408L9@28@8:82<6HG4<474L4FD4HL03L$000@I8?@948<0H8@382
060806@:00008D@3HK@G@44K<307040@8@020248<4@K40HIL2L6<<4HHJ0?44<0L
<@9L9@F89D;HH@6H?D?4>@4LADC@F8F@I<;H683<70=LLHBH4D3D6@80J0M@C804L
8<HDH8@EL74<DIH=8N<98A0:4H<0H10C4ND:LB<M@6HLH1DC<6L>DL@L8MDC4>0<4
F8289@F0F<>89L1HC0701LA8BD=@KH94HHI@5D<@F<7H5<B@AD3@6@44=@G4C8<0<
L743@40=8J08@F@C@I@4<D0A41438=8JHI014>HJHA064F<>0C8A4A<2<8<=86@=@
=HB03068@43DB8F<G4GL>0L@E@>4:@3HC@N@=H88IDD8@0?L$000@80G0?48<DHI@
2L7040@8@02024<<@H10201D2@@000E40L7@;LI@@@348<LLAD3@B07D64I46H?42
4K<N@LDJ4CD6@>8I8J85H?<I4=@L0G@C40<48AD1H3840=0K@0004F<AD3840<HB8
GDLHB@74C<<H70AL400LI0>H<@6HG@@D3464<@FHK0><0<4L;4<LI@3<6H=LM8BHD
DF@DL906@AD3LGHD@44A<ML98C80@4HK0C4F@DH=0K08@6@=44<3<48@<8HIH;05<
8HIDC08L4HB@9D10>8K@@86<K@>80<4@HHL4D@14<8K0E@KL?8D4046<LHHH702@=
8JHB<842<M@E@;L:<6D<@H8<0GDC4L4GDC4J0FL7@G0N4;@ID687D3L>HK48@F8?@
L4;H;L746484H<=0:4H07L$000@806@:00008D@3HK@G@44:<LH1<3@208480A0A0
<48<4@K40LIL2L6<<4HHJ0?44<0L<@9L9@F89D;HH@6H?D?4>@4LADC@F8F@I<;H6
83<70=LLH@090D<@<0HA0386880H0=@F<=<4HK4=<9HC4F<K8G@28=HJH>L9L1@38
6DI4=H<<KHF0?4:<FL3@D@7D;LD8=4H8O4B8@H5@GH5<C0;8G8DH=8H@@@H4:86@<
<54C<B0FH289D>0F<:8ID3D@DN<4LA8@D=@CHKHA@C@>LC874<L=H6@C@20FHC@A@
C060;0IH0DI@@HH4H@503HG84HF4246<@84L2<LL;D64=<70=04HDH5LL@?0544LE
0N4B8ID70I8HH9D<@A<@H6<D4<L9DH07L$000@I0B@O4080L8@202048<8L@2004D
8@4082040ND@0LLA<C460<<M0G@B40<F84L4HK44H5L<8C<GH7@G8B<8H9H;4K8<D
5LC41DC@6L><80D@J4840<@@AD3440<0@0H0A4A<<49HC4F<K89<<HD<<0JH<L@<=
HB8IDHHG@<4N<DH=HG498?<EH8@J<@@N84D1D;4?@2L6L=L<4FDB01<C8<0<4M4D8
<<4<4HIHC<<8MDEDK@<<2<J<307@E@1<1H:HD434<LH48@FH=81L9H10;<0<4HK0;
4F8;0L@8@F@<8I@<DD<LHKD<H0874BHAD@<FL6H1@L@:L2<I8L@AL=H:4H07L$000
@80H@00J4800410B0?8I0N<HD9@C064>@KHI00444BL=@J<BL8L>LJ8I0549<G<M@
4DF<@4N<<H1HA06@78=0@0F0<40<0@I@6H=8@0C094NHC8:<LH=@C8I400K4B<8<4
HK4<LI@3<6H=LM8BHDLF@LL906@9D10;LJ8B0HD>L>4N<@H=@<<L0@01008880@1@
B4<@3<G@A01H@LF@6D>0CHADADC@701LB8JHH014<49<H@G014>HJHC0K4HH9D;@B
@J@C81DB<14<DOH0D74A<K@5@J<6D>D4<4H30N4B49@>04<N<ED446<<@AHHH8L6@
8<6@6DFL9@A@C<<0=D<DH07L$000@80@0I@L49H3874<D806@:0E0F<GDN@K@0<LL
ID3@20=4>@J000>48<0HI03H3@6<80H04@?<ID54><6HID3<2L0<0@1DC0C08H<<K
HF0?4:<8L=H@<>4JD2<H@BL6@<@N4;DK@G@44K<307040@8@020048<4@K40HIL2L
6<<4HHJ0?4;<MD7D64I46H?424K<N@LD64E@2H5DL87D6@=@L8D8D@2HH4K450C4:
0FH90A@C4L0<HBDC8;<0D0L9@8@E<J0A@:DM<G<4464=088K4I8L0<H44C<441DC8
60B0HH9@=0N<7DK0;4>@?HI<A4=0:4N<C<9DN<3D9H<0H@I8@0?L$000@80@0@0N<
<H1HA06@78=0@0H0040<<@ILAD3840<@@0=0D0F0F4?8C0:<LH=@C86LG4GH>8B8=
DHHG@<4N<DHAHK@0HCH44J4L@9H3874<DGHD@44A<MLL8LH1DK4HHH004240@@@A0
3048I46H?0GHC0146<@HIHK<=8MLA494FHI4A<K0DH5LAL2<48MDF8BLI@BHF@H@I
@H8A<4HIH@<<814C<8L200<8LIHID:HF<?H;<G8442<<<;0E0;41L4HK0;4GLAD3<
6<B4EDKL20C41D5D;@=HHH>86H=@J0@@68ILID0@7<M<KDK@GHC030HDN8=428@<@
HIDED6L0<4LB@?4548H9D305@LD888H1D3@6H64N4<<9@;03L6@>0I@G01474J<L0
00:44<4H48JLI01@AL<<A@1L742<J00@4<KH0HO@0<$000@80H0?46<0L8@383D6@
80L0@00448HH1@206<;<A004D8@4082040ND60DLI@;4MDKHA0306H=@JH?<7<6D=
8B8MDHHG@<4N<DHAHK@?80004B<=@>84LADC@68;LJ8B0HD>L>4N<@H=@<<L0@010
08880@1@B4<@3<7@;LI@@@348<LL=DFDI4HDO44L5L<8C<GH7@9HA0F@I<;H68;<=
8MDC85@E@=0J@8@F@B@I@5D<82<L<<8E0;44<4HI0;4F@N05H0H74=8L8G@905D78
OLL4@@F8:D84IH486@<<24C<60;0<@4HF@O438M@5@68F<>0A0140<K4HDI014M@;
04@0LI0B06L083L0<OH04$000@80D@J4<40<8@1@2070K<H004880H1HC0EL<@FHJ
4800410B0?830N<@HIDC<78>8M<084@DHI4CD6@>8I8?@948<2HKLHDID3<F8AD@4
0<4810102468<@A04@O<L0O4<84HI@3078=LE<F84L4HK44H5L<8C<GH7@9HB0F@I
<;H683<70=LLH=H1<C8HD4@0LI0=D242<LL@D74<DIHDH?4L<M<9<HHI@5H206<=D
G4C<:0FH;H1@C0<0<LGDC<8DED4HD8ND<@3H@4ADC<H0AL8D<8I@5@K@<@L8L82@E
<JH=L4<9<?L@<>0FH:<D<4H@@5D1H=HJHI8;4B<@D2D1DC8I0BHAH8D<<7DC8:0LH
:D>0F<:0ID5D@@8<4H6854L40@O@0<$000@80L000J4800410B0?830N<@HIDC<78
>880D@0404B<=@>84LADC@68;LJ8B0HD>L>4N<@H=@<<L0@01008880@1@B4<@3<7
@;LI@@@348<LL=DFDNLH@4@K<L@8D=@J<BLHL14B4>HK49<<H0<LLIDK@F8D@@<0H
A03@6H80I@E@@4C0701LI@54><:HC<2L3H64>0J@7@C8C4:0FH:89@>@5<H4>0B4L
<0HAD346D>8@8@<14=HMHI4IDA8:4DHC080LH4HC0>42<@@5@1D287@@8><?LKDD0
A4=0ADC01D5@C@=0GH5@=@<HK0?@4DH<HHIDI<FH;85<6H84C@K0<DB<H@ID3@78:
<I8J0D4B<HHMD6HJ@BH@@64C8J@<4K<@0DHND:<8H5HE80HC8MHN4KD4LB<=@;4;4
>0E0L@@4A<J0HD98306H>DC<4H8L<LB@74@HG4@0242<LLC054<<M<ELE@4D7D@H@
4@094<H9DO4H@903D6L<<AHB@>41<B<<L6464;@14<<BLH<E<;4O4N<5<8H38:<N8
F@=4;<M0I4I4?<3H5DA49@04OL$000@80@0E0L84H1DCD7440J8M0B004080HI0GH
0H18C<C88<;L3H7DC46<4H1D3<6H=LK<?40<DL5@MDFHBLCH?<D0G@9D=H6HB<;<1
H206480J0?@2@B<=@<L4D1@C<78<D;D40HHID;<IDL@5D:4<49838GD2LG@54A8GL
@@G@44A<M@1L48<4M0@@7DAH306D80F@A0C4LD24H0A@?L<0M854DH3HDD0D9DD@A
0EHG@B48<LH9034FLI0JHEL>0>@I8I04D?8<<G<NL4@;D?4=41<8DC@3D><60B8HH
EDG<L@I0B4B<M@9<?D94=D:86<K8:@JL2<I8DD<DE0I0E48<0L1DBD60<8K048M<9
0I0C<6L=@A8L0@44<0L8@2020488@B8?DC8@@C4F<2H;4389@KHC@946<4HM0EHI8
D<FL:08DADJ<K@60JL=H5H3468<8C8=H1478MH34H8LHIDC06D9DH<JL;0;DF8@8N
L2@3HG@K04<HHJDD0:4FH2@E@C40<FDMHA0D@F4A<NLG8AD<<8@9HC4G0@DCDC<64
?480I0J424H<DH180D1D2L6@=8K0A0B4D<9@A<3464<H7HB<84<<8H9HIL=02H1@5
H=@I0I044<<LH6<307080J@>0K4=HH<=8<H>HN<9H74=H6H7D:D<@DHB4A@3<6@<8
>8L<6<EHHH<HJH809HCDJL7864=L@09@CH3LJ<9@LL;4<4I<;HIH389DLL<H5HOHJ
8:4D<0H9H9@2DC@J@OLLDID8H9H1D2HILEHF8G4B8HH1DC46L>LB8G064N<:H1828
M@78703D:LKHG01D3@D4=4E04LF<B8A<H0IDNH=@0HBHK@5@BL=DL@7@J@B8OL5H<
H443L70MD4<L03L$000@80H000J4800410B07D?D>DB<H@ID3@78:0KHI@BD4H?<L
DK<N<<@IHC06@=@K06H<0I@3<70<D80D@J464N<?@<@I00024B<NH6<:8HLIDC04<
<DK@G8BD9D=@=<B@E@<@<8O<6DE4H<@H9HC84H<DM0B@B4M<=H64<8<8K<;D?44<@
L5@HLB@2<K<A8I4C<6<=4HH0@>42<@H9D3HGDB874GH002D74>DM0D0D4288H1@;<
NDJ49@=@6L44=LI0=83LC@C0GHD8445088246DK<304L>DK8CH@LIDM0OL8L1@386
@1<L8?D28<<4H;8I45D0@D88H9DJLD0:4><?LJ4H0A4:H>@ADBL64C<N02DAD7@<8
H@G0M4586<>0I@8@1LAL<HE8CHGLJ<KHA@I0=4JD9@2DC@60DH=D2LHDH014;LBDC
<E4884<DLO8@48H9DN@5870:<0DDLDH<D0<0H9H>@NL5HJD>82<:<J<E884H<4H?8
BDC024K@?8AD@4;<G464N<9@<0L@8@5@3<H4C8046<<D5<LL<HO@A4I@AD246@346
L>8H8;06H@8;L10JLBDIDJD<0><=HMLG<A4;0@HDH=4H<@HI@1<L@@@D48H9D?0=<
K0@@FLHH9DL@C8@8M4@H4<><J8I@F4K8:HCDF890=0<<L@9D3D74=4@LB4ID0LO@0
<$000@80@0I@<41LA00H18NDK@<<D@AH3<688HL@B@A40<881HA03060<0H08@M<:
@HD9D3878><80D@ED=LF8JLB@6H>0K0>85H70F4K4>8=<H@=@C@J@=4@<4@A@C@FH
>LI494>HF4:88H1HCD54<<H8F054?<;L9@9894K@J0=D103@E050E480842<<H9HC
4E8;D<@N4NDC0D@>4:<LHA0C@60>0J0D8ND1888HH9H306L<<3<ADJHI8I43<F8<D
4H50EH0DJDE8>46<4L9DK468NH0@1HCD6@=L;<4H;<<<L@KD:<4DI4J0:<B<A4M<6
4@D=HH48D@L98C8FH2D44FL48;@H0@0A4F4>DG8GD@49<6HE<A4=<CHHHND:00H5H
C8:<FD34B@FL0DGL=83L4LC08@IHL4@4685DN4J46@14@<2LAH;0DD6L=87H84M82
HH<6@C<5<74<<E@J@BLJL>@2@<@90306L<4K0L@C4B<BH:07@8HL4:H5D:<4H<8;L
DH803@C4EL>@IHD<I@A8C0A0ED74C<C4C0;H>LI82H2D58?4L048B0L8@@4LDHA@;
@C<288DC830?@HD<4LH6@1L1<3D9@94D<2L44:04@6D845D?0H8F@547<C8K<GDE0
=83<N8DH1DC@6L=H4L8@7@7HJ<E@N4@4G8EL<D3D688H=0:@H@1D;4G@F0G89D28F
L@0?L$000@HHI004K40<H<8D1D201D2@@000E40L50<4L@@@=46<LD9HC468>080D
@0424B<=@L@L@1DC46840@8JH5HK4@8I0B060=HH8F0I46<4LIDK@=<<<38:4B428
H@54K438B<9@:070N85@=<=H3<:<HH1DCD4L>0M0D@?4K<68K4=85LO4MHE4B8<@M
0;4I4H@NDC088FL50J4D4B8DH9DK4;03LKLM41D;@=HL@080H9@A@DLNLLLADM<F4
D0E868DL1@;4G@LLFD34B@6L=49<DH5D042<E4?4>87HC830<D;8H0H@90F4DL943
0G@>0H@58GD:4N<14:8FL30DHK4;@I434L<F0GH3094G@@D9LB4JHC@2474<DL84H
;0L@9H:DK@D@D4A<H0BLE8>@IHDLI@A8C0I0ID74E<C4K0MHD41@58?4L0B@8DA4H
@94CD6H<8I8I0FDA4J4D@<@FD84>@DHA@14H<DH5@1@78D@4<50=LM<88=<MDG@DD
8D64781DIH4DHDL<?H?83@8DM<D42@EDHL:8?@1LE<LD@09HC0F<105H34:88LAHK
@F428=LA04@=HL0J@D4B<D@=D048D4HA@C<F410O8?<K8<0?0G83494L<@H=@I@A<
H0JLM43<<<D<6H28N8@H1H;8C@A<E448C8G@5D04<D@H@@B4H<2H;DD4LHDL4L<HD
@J@>4C<?0<@08OH04$000@806@:00008D@3HE0G@<4:<8H9H306L<<I8@0B00<D84
HK4<L98C468<@=L04B<=@844@ID3@78>8J8A0E48<4LID3<6L40J8L8;81DED386H
<4M0B@HD>LD4@88H9HC474=03<C@@@<8B8?DC@G@44;<8L84F4>41D5D?D<4K0L@C
4;<GH24J8B028H@54K438B<9@:070N8K@@@AD54L<@HIH2<G0>4JH;@F8JD;HN8KD
:<4DI4J0F<B8A4M<64@D9H3074>@E0D@=4:<2HELNL>@?80<BL3<G4@0042<L<M4O
D?4L<?8500<DLI8K@LDA<NDG@6H@<N84H=DI4F@4D<0486D9LIH:490C42H6064?@
K8J<4@1@;H70<8BDKHE0O40@E4;<1@J<=@EHL@A@>4;0;LA@4@KHH8DL90=<IHA0C
@68>4N4M@94>HE8L84H1D;D0@GH:@DD><7H<D:HH@8@=HIH;4IDH@>HG<:<FHI0:0
I40<2L@4O@DLD@78=DH@B@B4=<2<D<94I4=8@<M09@342<@H9D;430>@908L:@I8F
@ED40>8H8J0E4;<O83D705DAHJ4?4A8K8D0;<88HH9D?@D<48=HI048FH94L8<HA@
;@G@B8CDE@0<HDG82DC@L45<L03L$000@NH@0=0D0000@907H:@94680@8@382068
>47DDHJ0144<@L1HBD6@=DI8@0B00<084HGHJ<3<G0K@I00D1@3064>4IDJ<G03HI
8H0E468DL1@K4L<H@LHC@<H:0KHD@>48<<LMHED<8H08@=8CHC@AL4H8HC42H60=8
L8C86D14@<2LAH;0DD6L=87H84M82HH<6@C<5<74<<3@JHBL;00D34;8=0J494N<H
HID;@F87D:HB4JHC@2474<DL84H;0L@9H:DK@D@FDA4B4B@IHO4B@;4242<G474<L
6D2<K<MD9HK4488<4D1LC@F850B470E4J<8H9@34G46H64C8B@E@6HA0IHB@64<4K
0B@@D84@L>@8@8D9HK0085L9D346L>@=4:DA@;HB4=02H0H38@D@L4HL4D484?0M0
3H3H78@L@DEH<4D4<<C0M0HHI43<68<DL4<4C@6@?8240@3H84F8F874484L1@3@6
@<DL@4@>4<<LHED2@4L:8C8@8LHID3DFL<@F8B8<D0D=0:<@L9DK020J0:<3@H42<
342L4DFHBD2@HHID;02D6<<4K<K8=4:<LHI<;@6DK01@BL@@D4H8A0=D<@5DE<2H<
828C@6@0HID;4D81DIDK<08OH04$000@80@0I@<4I@3<6L>HH8A0C46<@L9H34704
0L@@0@0L4480HA00H18A4IHF@ADA@C8F@1LC468<HH8B09D:<;@@LG4103DK0783L
3060<02864KHLD5H:8BL6<=DJ8G0GD9<A@685D<8I0D@9DL0D@F44<DL5@4L94J@G
H1DCD6L=@DDK89@K88H9HC06H>0M0D@=4:<2HLLIDN<JLK8K04@L@I@84:<HL1D;D
4LF4B8N@<484J46H8HB8>4B<M0L0LH9D;<?@0LG43844J4H4AH;<M874306HA4G84
8K<>@4DL@8<DL9D30G@909DJ02HLLB8N4HD=HJDHH2D6<;@28CDIHF0?44<@HE8G8
2@J<8HI@3<68<DGHG0E4J<LH1<C@6L=4I<H03@20=45<044HD4AL60>D9<K4:L0L?
@;LC@CLGHB@>42<8HM@;DA4;8>@:4:<E0B<<HM@3D14NDB0946<0L1HC<60?4GHG@
@48<BLB<4@O4GH10BH2<74=4IHC@544<2LCL=@@DC<8<2LK<C8M0LDLH=D<D@@5DI
0FD64AHM0K0D@=4B<@H5HEHI<K<88F<9@C4O4J8DH9@C<6L>8N8L8=@GL>0@@44;<
J8K<18K<48@89<HH2H@DF@BDADM<<8FHO8HH2H@<408<>4=4M05D?D=LGHD@>4;<N
HGHMH6LF8;0FD9LNH8L:H0HMHODI0B@HD98GLNH=<GHE@3H48A8H0G45DJ@GH@H7L
>4942L0@>DLH:H;4K0I0AL=@5@6H<L=@N454L<2H:L281H2HC02<:H7@6<2L8DL4@
<J@G03H@D>D34L@48>D1H<@DH=4H40@O@0<$000@806@:00008<@1H=4M0F0A4K40
HA03060<0<8;8I0G@8D9D;@0LC8>LB0:42<J<H4DHF<DD3DK8@@H4:<HH1HKDHHBD
B4N<DDA@C<60<8=LAHK07<E4H04@H<GHJ<3<70<4K0H8B0E<N@:H0L<87<I444C<F
@=41<74><J0J@>48<BL2<A494O<I@B46<<H=HFDH0C4A<>D;0C064<<M0L8I8A0I4
;<=HLHI@HDFD>0N<LH14C@D@M8><484<78>8N8:0?46<L@9DK<K8>D@8D@48I<80C
46<>8H8FHJ4D@1@3D6@=LI0L8:85H14<LGH:H1HKDO890N<HH5DK4E0=LFH9L;L08
OH04$!f8e52dbe