gregoriancalendar.java

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/*
 * @(#)GregorianCalendar.java	1.73 03/04/27
 *
 * Copyright 2003 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */

/*
 * (C) Copyright Taligent, Inc. 1996-1998 - All Rights Reserved
 * (C) Copyright IBM Corp. 1996-1998 - All Rights Reserved
 *
 *   The original version of this source code and documentation is copyrighted
 * and owned by Taligent, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM. These
 * materials are provided under terms of a License Agreement between Taligent
 * and Sun. This technology is protected by multiple US and International
 * patents. This notice and attribution to Taligent may not be removed.
 *   Taligent is a registered trademark of Taligent, Inc.
 *
 */

package java.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo;

/**
 * <code>GregorianCalendar</code> is a concrete subclass of
 * {@link Calendar}
 * and provides the standard calendar used by most of the world.
 *
 * <p>
 * The standard (Gregorian) calendar has 2 eras, BC and AD.
 *
 * <p>
 * This implementation handles a single discontinuity, which corresponds by
 * default to the date the Gregorian calendar was instituted (October 15, 1582
 * in some countries, later in others).  The cutover date may be changed by the
 * caller by calling <code>setGregorianChange()</code>.
 *
 * <p>
 * Historically, in those countries which adopted the Gregorian calendar first,
 * October 4, 1582 was thus followed by October 15, 1582. This calendar models
 * this correctly.  Before the Gregorian cutover, <code>GregorianCalendar</code>
 * implements the Julian calendar.  The only difference between the Gregorian
 * and the Julian calendar is the leap year rule. The Julian calendar specifies
 * leap years every four years, whereas the Gregorian calendar omits century
 * years which are not divisible by 400.
 *
 * <p>
 * <code>GregorianCalendar</code> implements <em>proleptic</em> Gregorian and
 * Julian calendars. That is, dates are computed by extrapolating the current
 * rules indefinitely far backward and forward in time. As a result,
 * <code>GregorianCalendar</code> may be used for all years to generate
 * meaningful and consistent results. However, dates obtained using
 * <code>GregorianCalendar</code> are historically accurate only from March 1, 4
 * AD onward, when modern Julian calendar rules were adopted.  Before this date,
 * leap year rules were applied irregularly, and before 45 BC the Julian
 * calendar did not even exist.
 *
 * <p>
 * Prior to the institution of the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Day was
 * March 25. To avoid confusion, this calendar always uses January 1. A manual
 * adjustment may be made if desired for dates that are prior to the Gregorian
 * changeover and which fall between January 1 and March 24.
 *
 * <p>Values calculated for the <code>WEEK_OF_YEAR</code> field range from 1 to
 * 53.  Week 1 for a year is the earliest seven day period starting on
 * <code>getFirstDayOfWeek()</code> that contains at least
 * <code>getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek()</code> days from that year.  It thus
 * depends on the values of <code>getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek()</code>,
 * <code>getFirstDayOfWeek()</code>, and the day of the week of January 1.
 * Weeks between week 1 of one year and week 1 of the following year are
 * numbered sequentially from 2 to 52 or 53 (as needed).

 * <p>For example, January 1, 1998 was a Thursday.  If
 * <code>getFirstDayOfWeek()</code> is <code>MONDAY</code> and
 * <code>getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek()</code> is 4 (these are the values
 * reflecting ISO 8601 and many national standards), then week 1 of 1998 starts
 * on December 29, 1997, and ends on January 4, 1998.  If, however,
 * <code>getFirstDayOfWeek()</code> is <code>SUNDAY</code>, then week 1 of 1998
 * starts on January 4, 1998, and ends on January 10, 1998; the first three days
 * of 1998 then are part of week 53 of 1997.
 *
 * <p>Values calculated for the <code>WEEK_OF_MONTH</code> field range from 0
 * to 6.  Week 1 of a month (the days with <code>WEEK_OF_MONTH =
 * 1</code>) is the earliest set of at least
 * <code>getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek()</code> contiguous days in that month,
 * ending on the day before <code>getFirstDayOfWeek()</code>.  Unlike
 * week 1 of a year, week 1 of a month may be shorter than 7 days, need
 * not start on <code>getFirstDayOfWeek()</code>, and will not include days of
 * the previous month.  Days of a month before week 1 have a
 * <code>WEEK_OF_MONTH</code> of 0.
 *
 * <p>For example, if <code>getFirstDayOfWeek()</code> is <code>SUNDAY</code>
 * and <code>getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek()</code> is 4, then the first week of
 * January 1998 is Sunday, January 4 through Saturday, January 10.  These days
 * have a <code>WEEK_OF_MONTH</code> of 1.  Thursday, January 1 through
 * Saturday, January 3 have a <code>WEEK_OF_MONTH</code> of 0.  If
 * <code>getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek()</code> is changed to 3, then January 1
 * through January 3 have a <code>WEEK_OF_MONTH</code> of 1.
 *
 * <p>
 * <strong>Example:</strong>
 * <blockquote>
 * <pre>
 * // get the supported ids for GMT-08:00 (Pacific Standard Time)
 * String[] ids = TimeZone.getAvailableIDs(-8 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
 * // if no ids were returned, something is wrong. get out.
 * if (ids.length == 0)
 *     System.exit(0);
 *
 *  // begin output
 * System.out.println("Current Time");
 *
 * // create a Pacific Standard Time time zone
 * SimpleTimeZone pdt = new SimpleTimeZone(-8 * 60 * 60 * 1000, ids[0]);
 *
 * // set up rules for daylight savings time
 * pdt.setStartRule(Calendar.APRIL, 1, Calendar.SUNDAY, 2 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
 * pdt.setEndRule(Calendar.OCTOBER, -1, Calendar.SUNDAY, 2 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
 *
 * // create a GregorianCalendar with the Pacific Daylight time zone
 * // and the current date and time
 * Calendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar(pdt);
 * Date trialTime = new Date();
 * calendar.setTime(trialTime);
 *
 * // print out a bunch of interesting things
 * System.out.println("ERA: " + calendar.get(Calendar.ERA));
 * System.out.println("YEAR: " + calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR));
 * System.out.println("MONTH: " + calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH));
 * System.out.println("WEEK_OF_YEAR: " + calendar.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR));
 * System.out.println("WEEK_OF_MONTH: " + calendar.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_MONTH));
 * System.out.println("DATE: " + calendar.get(Calendar.DATE));
 * System.out.println("DAY_OF_MONTH: " + calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));
 * System.out.println("DAY_OF_YEAR: " + calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR));
 * System.out.println("DAY_OF_WEEK: " + calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
 * System.out.println("DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH: "
 *                    + calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH));
 * System.out.println("AM_PM: " + calendar.get(Calendar.AM_PM));
 * System.out.println("HOUR: " + calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR));
 * System.out.println("HOUR_OF_DAY: " + calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));
 * System.out.println("MINUTE: " + calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE));
 * System.out.println("SECOND: " + calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND));
 * System.out.println("MILLISECOND: " + calendar.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND));
 * System.out.println("ZONE_OFFSET: "
 *                    + (calendar.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET)/(60*60*1000)));
 * System.out.println("DST_OFFSET: "
 *                    + (calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET)/(60*60*1000)));

 * System.out.println("Current Time, with hour reset to 3");
 * calendar.clear(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY); // so doesn't override
 * calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR, 3);
 * System.out.println("ERA: " + calendar.get(Calendar.ERA));
 * System.out.println("YEAR: " + calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR));
 * System.out.println("MONTH: " + calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH));
 * System.out.println("WEEK_OF_YEAR: " + calendar.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR));
 * System.out.println("WEEK_OF_MONTH: " + calendar.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_MONTH));
 * System.out.println("DATE: " + calendar.get(Calendar.DATE));
 * System.out.println("DAY_OF_MONTH: " + calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));
 * System.out.println("DAY_OF_YEAR: " + calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR));
 * System.out.println("DAY_OF_WEEK: " + calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
 * System.out.println("DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH: "
 *                    + calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH));
 * System.out.println("AM_PM: " + calendar.get(Calendar.AM_PM));
 * System.out.println("HOUR: " + calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR));
 * System.out.println("HOUR_OF_DAY: " + calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));
 * System.out.println("MINUTE: " + calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE));
 * System.out.println("SECOND: " + calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND));
 * System.out.println("MILLISECOND: " + calendar.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND));
 * System.out.println("ZONE_OFFSET: "
 *        + (calendar.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET)/(60*60*1000))); // in hours
 * System.out.println("DST_OFFSET: "
 *        + (calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET)/(60*60*1000))); // in hours
 * </pre>
 * </blockquote>
 *
 * @see          Calendar
 * @see          TimeZone
 * @version      1.73
 * @author David Goldsmith, Mark Davis, Chen-Lieh Huang, Alan Liu
 * @since JDK1.1
 */
public class GregorianCalendar extends Calendar {
    /*
     * Implementation Notes
     *
     * The Julian day number, as used here, is a modified number which has its
     * onset at midnight, rather than noon.
     *
     * The epoch is the number of days or milliseconds from some defined
     * starting point. The epoch for java.util.Date is used here; that is,
     * milliseconds from January 1, 1970 (Gregorian), midnight UTC.  Other
     * epochs which are used are January 1, year 1 (Gregorian), which is day 1
     * of the Gregorian calendar, and December 30, year 0 (Gregorian), which is
     * day 1 of the Julian calendar.
     *
     * We implement the proleptic Julian and Gregorian calendars.  This means we
     * implement the modern definition of the calendar even though the
     * historical usage differs.  For example, if the Gregorian change is set
     * to new Date(Long.MIN_VALUE), we have a pure Gregorian calendar which
     * labels dates preceding the invention of the Gregorian calendar in 1582 as
     * if the calendar existed then.
     *
     * Likewise, with the Julian calendar, we assume a consistent 4-year leap
     * rule, even though the historical pattern of leap years is irregular,
     * being every 3 years from 45 BC through 9 BC, then every 4 years from 8 AD
     * onwards, with no leap years in-between.  Thus date computations and
     * functions such as isLeapYear() are not intended to be historically
     * accurate.
     *
     * Given that milliseconds are a long, day numbers such as Julian day
     * numbers, Gregorian or Julian calendar days, or epoch days, are also
     * longs. Years can fit into an int.
     */

//////////////////
// Class Variables
//////////////////

    /**
     * Value of the <code>ERA</code> field indicating
     * the period before the common era (before Christ), also known as BCE.
     * The sequence of years at the transition from <code>BC</code> to <code>AD</code> is
     * ..., 2 BC, 1 BC, 1 AD, 2 AD,...
     * @see Calendar#ERA
     */
    public static final int BC = 0;

    /**
     * Value of the <code>ERA</code> field indicating
     * the common era (Anno Domini), also known as CE.
     * The sequence of years at the transition from <code>BC</code> to <code>AD</code> is
     * ..., 2 BC, 1 BC, 1 AD, 2 AD,...
     * @see Calendar#ERA
     */
    public static final int AD = 1;

    private static final int JAN_1_1_JULIAN_DAY = 1721426; // January 1, year 1 (Gregorian)
    private static final int EPOCH_JULIAN_DAY   = 2440588; // January 1, 1970 (Gregorian)
    private static final int EPOCH_YEAR = 1970;

    private static final int NUM_DAYS[]
        = {0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334}; // 0-based, for day-in-year
    private static final int LEAP_NUM_DAYS[]
        = {0,31,60,91,121,152,182,213,244,274,305,335}; // 0-based, for day-in-year
    private static final int MONTH_LENGTH[]
        = {31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31}; // 0-based
    private static final int LEAP_MONTH_LENGTH[]
        = {31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31}; // 0-based

    // Useful millisecond constants.  Although ONE_DAY and ONE_WEEK can fit
    // into ints, they must be longs in order to prevent arithmetic overflow
    // when performing (bug 4173516).
    private static final int  ONE_SECOND = 1000;
    private static final int  ONE_MINUTE = 60*ONE_SECOND;
    private static final int  ONE_HOUR   = 60*ONE_MINUTE;
    private static final long ONE_DAY    = 24*ONE_HOUR;
    private static final long ONE_WEEK   = 7*ONE_DAY;

    /*
     * <pre>
     *                            Greatest       Least 
     * Field name        Minimum   Minimum     Maximum     Maximum
     * ----------        -------   -------     -------     -------
     * ERA                     0         0           1           1
     * YEAR                    1         1   292269054   292278994
     * MONTH                   0         0          11          11
     * WEEK_OF_YEAR            1         1          52          53
     * WEEK_OF_MONTH           0         0           4           6
     * DAY_OF_MONTH            1         1          28          31
     * DAY_OF_YEAR             1         1         365         366
     * DAY_OF_WEEK             1         1           7           7
     * DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH   -1        -1           4           6
     * AM_PM                   0         0           1           1
     * HOUR                    0         0          11          11
     * HOUR_OF_DAY             0         0          23          23
     * MINUTE                  0         0          59          59
     * SECOND                  0         0          59          59
     * MILLISECOND             0         0         999         999
     * ZONE_OFFSET           -12*      -12*         12*         12*
     * DST_OFFSET              0         0           1*          1*
     * </pre>
     * (*) In units of one-hour
     */
    private static final int MIN_VALUES[] = {
        0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,-12*ONE_HOUR,0
    };
    private static final int LEAST_MAX_VALUES[] = {
        1,292269054,11,52,4,28,365,7,4,1,11,23,59,59,999,12*ONE_HOUR,1*ONE_HOUR
    };
    private static final int MAX_VALUES[] = {
        1,292278994,11,53,6,31,366,7,6,1,11,23,59,59,999,12*ONE_HOUR,1*ONE_HOUR
    };

/////////////////////
// Instance Variables
/////////////////////

    /**
     * The point at which the Gregorian calendar rules are used, measured in
     * milliseconds from the standard epoch.  Default is October 15, 1582
     * (Gregorian) 00:00:00 UTC or -12219292800000L.  For this value, October 4,
     * 1582 (Julian) is followed by October 15, 1582 (Gregorian).  This
     * corresponds to Julian day number 2299161.
     * @serial
     */
    private long gregorianCutover = -12219292800000L;

    /**
     * Midnight, local time (using this Calendar's TimeZone) at or before the