transport.h

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/* $Id: transport.h 974 2007-02-19 01:13:53Z bennylp $ */
/* 
 * Copyright (C) 2003-2007 Benny Prijono <[e-mail]>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA 
 */
#ifndef __PJMEDIA_TRANSPORT_H__
#define __PJMEDIA_TRANSPORT_H__


/**
 * @file transport.h Media Transport Interface
 * @brief Transport interface.
 */

#include <pjmedia/types.h>

/**
 * @defgroup PJMEDIA_TRANSPORT Media Transports
 * @ingroup PJMEDIA
 * @brief Transports.
 * Transport related components.
 */

/**
 * @defgroup PJMEDIA_TRANSPORT_H Media Network Transport Interface
 * @ingroup PJMEDIA_TRANSPORT
 * @brief PJMEDIA object for sending/receiving media packets over the network
 * @{
 * The media transport (#pjmedia_transport) is the object to send and
 * receive media packets over the network. The media transport interface
 * allows the library to be extended to support different types of 
 * transports to send and receive packets. Currently only the standard
 * UDP transport implementation is provided (see \ref PJMEDIA_TRANSPORT_UDP),
 * but application designer may extend the library to support other types
 * of custom transports such as RTP/RTCP over TCP, RTP/RTCP over HTTP, etc.
 *
 * The media transport is declared as #pjmedia_transport "class", which
 * declares "interfaces" to use the class in #pjmedia_transport_op
 * structure. For the user of the media transport (normally the user of
 * media transport is media stream, see \ref PJMED_STRM), these transport
 * "methods" are wrapped with API such as #pjmedia_transport_attach(),
 * so it should not need to call the function pointer inside 
 * #pjmedia_transport_op directly.
 *
 * \section PJMEDIA_TRANSPORT_H_USING Using the Media Transport
 *
 * The media transport's life-cycle normally follows the following stages.
 *
 * \subsection PJMEDIA_TRANSPORT_H_CREATE Creating the Media Transport
 *
 *  Application creates the media transport when it needs to establish
 *    media session to remote peer. The media transport is created using
 *    specific function to create that particular transport; for example,
 *    for UDP media transport, it is created with #pjmedia_transport_udp_create()
 *    or #pjmedia_transport_udp_create2() functions. Different media
 *    transports will provide different API to create those transports.
 *
 *  Alternatively, application may create pool of media transports when
 *    it is first started up. Using this approach probably is better, since
 *    application has to specify the RTP port when sending the initial
 *    session establishment request (e.g. SIP INVITE request), thus if
 *    application only creates the media transport later when media is to be
 *    established (normally when 200/OK is received, or when 18x is received
 *    for early media), there is a possibility that the particular RTP
 *    port might have been occupied by other programs. Also it is more
 *    efficient since sockets don't need to be closed and re-opened between
 *    calls.
 *
 *
 * \subsection PJMEDIA_TRANSPORT_H_ATTACH Attaching and Using the Media Transport.
 *
 *  Application specifies the media transport instance when creating
 *    the media session (#pjmedia_session_create()). Alternatively, it
 *    may create the media stream directly with #pjmedia_stream_create()
 *    and specify the transport instance in the argument. (Note: media
 *    session is a high-level abstraction for media communications between
 *    two endpoints, and it may contain more than one media streams, for
 *    example, an audio stream and a video stream).
 *
 *  When stream is created, it will "attach" itself to the media 
 *    transport by calling #pjmedia_transport_attach(), which is a thin
 *    wrapper which calls "attach()" method of the media transport's 
 *    "virtual function pointer" (#pjmedia_transport_op). Among other things,
 *    the stream specifies two callback functions to the transport: one
 *    callback function will be called by transport when it receives RTP
 *    packet, and another callback for incoming RTCP packet. The 
 *    #pjmedia_transport_attach() function also establish the destination
 *    of the outgoing RTP and RTCP packets.
 *
 *  When the stream needs to send outgoing RTP/RTCP packets, it will
 *    call #pjmedia_transport_send_rtp() and #pjmedia_transport_send_rtcp()
 *    of the media transport API, which is a thin wrapper to call send_rtp() 
 *    and send_rtcp() methods in the media transport's "virtual function 
 *    pointer"  (#pjmedia_transport_op).
 *
 *  When the stream is destroyed, it will "detach" itself from
 *    the media transport by calling #pjmedia_transport_detach(), which is
 *    a thin wrapper which calls "detach()" method of the media transport's 
 *    "virtual function pointer" (#pjmedia_transport_op). After the transport
 *    is detached from its user (the stream), it will no longer report 
 *    incoming RTP/RTCP packets to the stream, and it will refuse to send
 *    outgoing packets since the destination has been cleared.
 *
 *
 * \subsection PJMEDIA_TRANSPORT_H_REUSE Reusing the Media Transport.
 *
 *  After transport has been detached, application may re-attach the
 *    transport to another stream if it wants to. Detaching and re-attaching
 *    media transport may be preferable than closing and re-opening the
 *    transport, since it is more efficient (sockets don't need to be
 *    closed and re-opened). However it is up to the application to choose
 *    which method is most suitable for its uses.
 *
 * 
 * \subsection PJMEDIA_TRANSPORT_H_DESTROY Destroying the Media Transport.
 *
 *  Finally if application no longer needs the media transport, it will
 *    call #pjmedia_transport_close() function, which is thin wrapper which 
 *    calls "destroy()" method of the media transport's  "virtual function 
 *    pointer" (#pjmedia_transport_op). This function releases
 *    all resources used by the transport, such as sockets and memory.
 *
 *
 * \section PJMEDIA_TRANSPORT_H_IMPL Implementing Media Transport
 *
 * To implement a new type of media transport, one needs to "subclass" the
 * media transport "class" (#pjmedia_transport) by providing the "methods"
 * in the media transport "interface" (#pjmedia_transport_op), and provides
 * a function to create this new type of transport (similar to 
 * #pjmedia_transport_udp_create() function).
 *
 * The media transport is expected to run indepently, that is there should
 * be no polling like function to poll the transport for incoming RTP/RTCP
 * packets. This normally can be done by registering the media sockets to
 * the media endpoint's IOQueue, which allows the transport to be notified
 * when incoming packet has arrived.
 *
 * Alternatively, media transport may utilize thread(s) internally to wait
 * for incoming packets. The thread then will call the appropriate RTP or
 * RTCP callback provided by its user (stream) whenever packet is received.
 * If the transport's user is a stream, then the callbacks provided by the
 * stream will be thread-safe, so the transport may call these callbacks
 * without having to serialize the access with some mutex protection. But
 * the media transport may still have to protect its internal data with
 * mutex protection, since it may be called by application's thread (for
 * example, to send RTP/RTCP packets).
 *
 * For an example of media transport implementation, please refer to 
 * <tt>transport_udp.h</tt> and <tt>transport_udp.c</tt> in PJMEDIA source
 * distribution.
 */

PJ_BEGIN_DECL


/*
 * Forward declaration for media transport.
 */
typedef struct pjmedia_transport pjmedia_transport;


/**
 * This structure describes the operations for the stream transport.
 */
struct pjmedia_transport_op
{
    /**
     * This function is called by the stream when the transport is about
     * to be used by the stream for the first time, and it tells the transport
     * about remote RTP address to send the packet and some callbacks to be 
     * called for incoming packets.
     *
     * Application should call #pjmedia_transport_attach() instead of 
     * calling this function directly.
     */
    pj_status_t (*attach)(pjmedia_transport *tp,
			  void *user_data,
			  const pj_sockaddr_t *rem_addr,
			  const pj_sockaddr_t *rem_rtcp,
			  unsigned addr_len,
			  void (*rtp_cb)(void *user_data,
					 const void *pkt,
					 pj_ssize_t size),
			  void (*rtcp_cb)(void *user_data,
					  const void *pkt,
					  pj_ssize_t size));

    /**
     * This function is called by the stream when the stream no longer
     * needs the transport (normally when the stream is about to be closed).
     * After the transport is detached, it will ignore incoming
     * RTP/RTCP packets, and will refuse to send outgoing RTP/RTCP packets.
     * Application may re-attach the media transport to another transport 
     * user (e.g. stream) after the transport has been detached.
     *
     * Application should call #pjmedia_transport_detach() instead of 
     * calling this function directly.
     */
    void (*detach)(pjmedia_transport *tp,
		   void *user_data);

    /**
     * This function is called by the stream to send RTP packet using the 
     * transport.
     *
     * Application should call #pjmedia_transport_send_rtp() instead of 
     * calling this function directly.
     */
    pj_status_t (*send_rtp)(pjmedia_transport *tp,
			    const void *pkt,
			    pj_size_t size);

    /**
     * This function is called by the stream to send RTCP packet using the
     * transport.
     *
     * Application should call #pjmedia_transport_send_rtcp() instead of 
     * calling this function directly.
     */
    pj_status_t (*send_rtcp)(pjmedia_transport *tp,
			     const void *pkt,
			     pj_size_t size);

    /**
     * This function can be called to destroy this transport.
     *
     * Application should call #pjmedia_transport_close() instead of 
     * calling this function directly.
     */
    pj_status_t (*destroy)(pjmedia_transport *tp);
};


/**
 * @see pjmedia_transport_op.
 */
typedef struct pjmedia_transport_op pjmedia_transport_op;


/**
 * This structure declares stream transport. A stream transport is called
 * by the stream to transmit a packet, and will notify stream when
 * incoming packet is arrived.
 */
struct pjmedia_transport
{
    /** Transport name (for logging purpose). */
    char		  name[PJ_MAX_OBJ_NAME];

    /** Transport's "virtual" function table. */
    pjmedia_transport_op *op;
};



/**
 * Attach callbacks to be called on receipt of incoming RTP/RTCP packets.
 * This is just a simple wrapper which calls <tt>attach()</tt> member of 
 * the transport.
 *
 * @param tp	    The media transport.
 * @param user_data Arbitrary user data to be set when the callbacks are 
 *		    called.
 * @param rem_addr  Remote RTP address to send RTP packet to.
 * @param rem_rtcp  Optional remote RTCP address. If the argument is NULL
 *		    or if the address is zero, the RTCP address will be
 *		    calculated from the RTP address (which is RTP port
 *		    plus one).
 * @param addr_len  Length of the remote address.
 * @param rtp_cb    Callback to be called when RTP packet is received on
 *		    the transport.
 * @param rtcp_cb   Callback to be called when RTCP packet is received on
 *		    the transport.
 *
 * @return	    PJ_SUCCESS on success, or the appropriate error code.
 */
PJ_INLINE(pj_status_t) pjmedia_transport_attach(pjmedia_transport *tp,
					        void *user_data,
					        const pj_sockaddr_t *rem_addr,
						const pj_sockaddr_t *rem_rtcp,
					        unsigned addr_len,
					        void (*rtp_cb)(void *user_data,
							       const void *pkt,
							       pj_ssize_t),
					        void (*rtcp_cb)(void *usr_data,
							        const void*pkt,
							        pj_ssize_t))
{
    return tp->op->attach(tp, user_data, rem_addr, rem_rtcp, addr_len, 
			  rtp_cb, rtcp_cb);
}


/**
 * Detach callbacks from the transport.
 * This is just a simple wrapper which calls <tt>detach()</tt> member of 
 * the transport. After the transport is detached, it will ignore incoming
 * RTP/RTCP packets, and will refuse to send outgoing RTP/RTCP packets.
 * Application may re-attach the media transport to another transport user
 * (e.g. stream) after the transport has been detached.
 *
 * @param tp	    The media transport.
 * @param user_data User data which must match the previously set value
 *		    on attachment.
 */
PJ_INLINE(void) pjmedia_transport_detach(pjmedia_transport *tp,
					 void *user_data)
{
    tp->op->detach(tp, user_data);
}


/**
 * Send RTP packet with the specified media transport. This is just a simple
 * wrapper which calls <tt>send_rtp()</tt> member of the transport. The 
 * RTP packet will be delivered to the destination address specified in
 * #pjmedia_transport_attach() function.
 *
 * @param tp	    The media transport.
 * @param pkt	    The packet to send.
 * @param size	    Size of the packet.
 *
 * @return	    PJ_SUCCESS on success, or the appropriate error code.
 */
PJ_INLINE(pj_status_t) pjmedia_transport_send_rtp(pjmedia_transport *tp,
						  const void *pkt,
						  pj_size_t size)
{
    return (*tp->op->send_rtp)(tp, pkt, size);
}


/**
 * Send RTCP packet with the specified media transport. This is just a simple
 * wrapper which calls <tt>send_rtcp()</tt> member of the transport. The 
 * RTCP packet will be delivered to the destination address specified in
 * #pjmedia_transport_attach() function.
 *
 * @param tp	    The media transport.
 * @param pkt	    The packet to send.
 * @param size	    Size of the packet.
 *
 * @return	    PJ_SUCCESS on success, or the appropriate error code.
 */
PJ_INLINE(pj_status_t) pjmedia_transport_send_rtcp(pjmedia_transport *tp,
						  const void *pkt,
						  pj_size_t size)
{
    return (*tp->op->send_rtcp)(tp, pkt, size);
}


/**
 * Close media transport. This is just a simple wrapper which calls 
 * <tt>destroy()</tt> member of the transport. This function will free
 * all resources created by this transport (such as sockets, memory, etc.).
 *
 * @param tp	    The media transport.
 *
 * @return	    PJ_SUCCESS on success, or the appropriate error code.
 */
PJ_INLINE(pj_status_t) pjmedia_transport_close(pjmedia_transport *tp)
{
    if (tp->op->destroy)
	return (*tp->op->destroy)(tp);
    else
	return PJ_SUCCESS;
}


PJ_END_DECL

/**
 * @}
 */


#endif	/* __PJMEDIA_TRANSPORT_H__ */