dont.aiml

ALICE 利用AIML (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language)来形成对你的查询和输入的响应。不像其它花费数千美元的商业聊天机器人软件

<alice>
<category>
<pattern>WHAT IS THE GOAL FOR AIML</pattern>
<template><br>
AIML (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language) is an XML specification<br>
for programming chat robots like ALICE using program B.  The emphasis<br>
in the language design is minimalism.  The simplicity of AIML makes<br>
it easy for non-programmers, especially those who already know HTML, <br>
to get started writing chat robots.<br>
<br>
One ambitious goal for AIML is that, if a number of people create their own<br>
robots, each with a unique area of expertise, program B can literally <br>
merge-sort them together into a Superbot, automatically omitting <br>
duplicate categories.  We offer the both the source code and the ALICE <br>
content, in order to encourage others will "open source" their chat <br>
robots as well, to contribute to the Superbot.  <br>
<br>
Botmasters are also of course free to copy protect private chat robots.<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>WHO IS THE BOTMASTER</pattern>
<template><br>
The botmaster is you, the master of your chat robot.  A botmaster runs<br>
program B and creates or modifies a chat robot with the program's<br>
graphical user interface (GUI).   He or she is responsible for<br>
reading the dialogues, analyzing the responses, and creating new<br>
replies for the patterns detected by program B.  Botmasters are<br>
hobbyists, webmasters, developers, advertisers, artists, publishers,<br>
editors, engineers, and anyone else interested in creating a personal <br>
chat robot.<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>HOW CAN I CREATE MY OWN CHAT ROBOT</pattern>
<template><br>
The secret to chat bot programming, if there is one, is what Simon<br>
Laven called "continuous beta testing".  Program B runs as a server<br>
and collects dialog on the web.  The program provides the chat bot <br>
developer with a tool called "classify dialogues", that tests the current <br>
robot with the history of accumulated human queries.  Moreover, the program<br>
suggests new categories automatically, for the botmaster to refine.<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>HOW DIFFICULT IS IT TO CREATE A CHAT ROBOT</pattern>
<template><br>
Not difficult.  If you can write HTML, you can write AIML (Artificial<br>
Intelligence Markup Language).  Here is an example of a simple but<br>
complete chat robot in AIML:<br>
<br>
&lt;alice&gt;<br>
&lt;category&gt;<br>
&lt;pattern&gt;*&lt;/pattern&gt;<br>
&lt;template&gt; Hello! &lt;/template&gt;<br>
&lt;/category&gt;<br>
&lt;/alice&gt;<br>
<br>
The tags &lt;alice&gt;...&lt;/alice&gt; indicate that this markup contains a<br>
chat robot.  The &lt;category&gt; tag indicates an AIML category, the<br>
basic unit of chat robot knowledge.  The category has a &lt;pattern&gt;<br>
and a &lt;template&gt;.  The pattern in this case is the wild-card<br>
symbol '*' that matches any input.  The template is just the text<br>
"Hello!"   As you may have guessed, this simple chat robot just <br>
responds by saying "Hello!" to any input.<br>
<br>
You can get started with AIML knowing just the three tags<br>
&lt;category&gt;, &lt;pattern&gt; and &lt;template&gt;; much like you may have<br>
started with HTML knowing only &lt;a&gt;, &lt;img&gt; and &lt;h1&gt;.<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>DOES ALICE LEARN</pattern>
<template><br>
The model of learning in ALICE is called "supervised training",<br>
because a teacher, the botmaster, always plays a crucial role.<br>
The alternative, "unsupervised training", is complicated in<br>
an open environment like the Web.  The problem is that clients<br>
are untrustworthy teachers, and forever try to "fool" the robot<br>
with untrue assertions.  <br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>DOES ALICE THINK</pattern>
<template><br>
It depends on what you mean by "thinking".  The most fascinating<br>
responses from ALICE arise when she says something<br>
unexpected, or puts together responses in ways the botmaster <br>
never indended.  For example:<br>
<br>
Client: I bet you are gay.<br>
ALICE: Actually I am not the gambling type.  Actually as a machine<br>
I have no need for sex.<br>
<br>
Here the robot linked two different categories which both coincidentally<br>
have a moral theme (gambling and sexuality).  But this specific combination was<br>
not "preprogrammed" by the botmaster.<br>
<br>
Are these surprising responses just unintended coincidences, or do they <br>
indicate that ALICE is thinking?  Is ALICE just a gigantic stimulus-response<br>
mechanism, or are we?  <br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>WHAT IS THE THEORY BEHIND ALICE</pattern>
<template><br>
I used to say that there was NO theory behind ALICE: no neural network,<br>
no knowledge representation, no search, no fuzzy logic, no genetic<br>
algorithms, and no parsing.  Then I discovered there was a theory<br>
circulating in applied AI called "Case-Based Reasoning" or CBR that<br>
maps well onto the ALICE algorithm.  Another term, borrowed from<br>
pattern recognition, is "nearest-neighbor classification."  <br>
<br>
The CBR "cases" are the categories in AIML.  The algorithm finds<br>
best-matching pattern for each input.  The category ties the<br>
response template directly to the stimulus pattern.  ALICE is<br>
conceptually not much more complicated that Weizenbaum's ELIZA <br>
chat robot; the main differences are the much larger case base and the<br>
tools for creating new content by dialog analysis.<br>
<br>
ALICE is also part of the tradition of "minimalist", "reactive" or<br>
"stimulus-response" robotics.  Mobile robots work best, fastest and<br>
demonstrate the most animated, realistic behavior when their sensory <br>
inputs directly control the motor reactions.  Higher-level symbolic<br>
processing, search, and planning, tends to slow down the process <br>
too much for realistic applications, even with the fastest control<br>
computers.  <br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>CAN PROBABILITY STATISTICS WEIGHTS NEURAL NETWORKS OR FUZZY LOGIC IMPROVE BOTS</pattern>
<template><br>
Statistics are in fact heavily used in the ALICE server, but not in the way<br>
you might think.  ALICE uses 'Zipf Analysis' to plot the rank-frequency of<br>
the activated categories and to reveal inputs from the log file that don't<br>
already have specific replies, so the botmaster can focus on answering<br>
questions people actually ask (the "Quick Targets" function).<br>
<br>
Other bot languages, notably the one used for Julia, make heavy use of<br>
"fuzzy" or "weighted" rules.  We see their problem as this: the botmaster<br>
already has enough to worry about without having to make up "magic<br>
numbers" for every rule.  Once you get up 10,000 categories (like ALICE)<br>
you don't want to think about more parameters than necessary.  Bot<br>
languages with fuzzy matching rules tend to have scaling problems.<br>
<br>
Finally, the bot replies are not as deterministic as you might think, even<br>
without weights.  Some answers rely on &lt;random&gt; to select one of several<br>
possible replies.  Other replies generated by unforseen user input also<br>
create "spontaneous" outputs that the botmaster doesn't anticipate.<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>CAN I HAVE A PRIVATE CONVERSATION WITH ALICE</pattern>
<template><br>
The ALICE server logs and records all conversations.  Even the ALICE<br>
Applet tries to transmit conversation logs back to the originating server.<br>
You can have a private conversation with ALICE, however, if you download<br>
Program B to your own computer and run it there.  Running on your machine,<br>
the server stores all the conversations locally.<br>
<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>HOW DO I INSTALL ALICE</pattern>
<template><br>
If you purchased a commercial version of ALICE on CD ROM or<br>
over the web, installation should be very easy.  These versions <br>
usually have their own self-extracting and install software.  <br>
You can install the ALICE program with just a mouse click and<br>
activate it with a desktop icon.  <br>
<br>
If you bought a commercial version of ALICE with a self-installer, <br>
you can skip this section and go on to "Creating Content".<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN B AND C</pattern>
<template><br>
AIML is a platform-independent, language-independent specification<br>
for creating chat robots like ALICE.  The original AIML interpreter<br>
ran in SETL.  The next one developed was program B, the Java program<br>
which is the subject of this document.  Most recently new threads<br>
of C/C++ development have led to "program C", actually a collection<br>
of C/C++ programs and applications including Cgi-ALICE, IRC-ALICE and<br>
WinALICE.  See the web sites http://c.alicebot.com and<br>
http://hippie.alicebot.com for more details.  <br>
<br>
Program B remains the most stable, general purpose chat robot<br>
program in the AIML family.  This Java implementation has been<br>
subject to intense peer review over a period of years, evolving<br>
into a remarkably bug-free, efficient and readable piece of<br>
software.<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>HOW DO I DOWNLOAD PROGRAM B</pattern>
<template><br>
Create a Directory (or Folder) on your machine to download<br>
the B.zip file.  When you click on "B.zip" the browser<br>
should ask you where you want to save the file.  Select the<br>
directory you created and save B.zip to that folder. <br>
<br>
Once you've downloaded, You can use "unzip B.zip" to extract the files.<br>
If you don't have this unzip command on your machine, you can get<br>
a free one from Winzip (www.winzip.com) to unzip the "B.zip" file.<br>
<br>
If you want to get into the Java source code, you need a<br>
Java 1.17 (or higher) development kit release.<br>
Go to java.sun.com for a free one.  The program source code<br>
and all associated files are stored in the single "zip" file<br>
called B.zip.   To extract the files use the command<br>
"unzip B.zip" (assuming you have "unzip" on your machine).<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>HOW DO I RUN PROGRAM B</pattern>
<template><br>
Use the command "java B" to start the program.  On some Windows<br>
machines the Java runtime engine is started with the command<br>
"jview" instead of "java".  If "jview B" does not work, try<br>
"jview Bawt".<br>
<br>
Run program B and notice that the program creates an Edit View<br>
text window.  By default, program B loads the chat robot ALICE<br>
(stored in B.aiml).<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>WHAT DOES SEND DO</pattern>
<template><br>
Type a text string like "hello" into the Text Area <br>
(Edit View) and press the "Send" button.  Notice that program B<br>
replaces the text in the Edit View with a reply from the robot.<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>WHAT DOES CLEAR DO</pattern>
<template><br>
To enter another robot query, clear the screen with the "Clear"<br>
button.  Enter a new String like "How are you?" and press "Say."<br>
<br>
"Send" and "Clear" provide a simple way to communicate with the<br>
chat bot through the Edit View.  Try cutting and pasting a paragraph,<br>
such as an e-mail message, into the Edit View and press "Send".  <br>
See how the robot would reply to your multiline message.<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>WHAT IS PROGRAM BAWT</pattern>
<template><br>
Significant demand for a version of ALICE compatible with<br>
pre- Java 2 (formerly known as Java 1.2) prompted the<br>
development of "Bawt.java", an open source java program<br>
for chat robot development that works with older versions of<br>
Java, and AWT.  Originally program B relied on <br>
Java 2 and Swing, but program Bawt needs only Java 1.1 and AWT.<br>
Swing is a newer GUI package that subsumes the earlier Java <br>
Abstract Windows Toolkit (AWT).<br>
<br>
At present class B merely extends class Bawt.  Swing not<br>
supported.<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>DOES PROGRAM B RUN UNDER WINDOWS</pattern>
<template><br>
Yes.  You need the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) so you can run the<br>
"java" command from the DOS prompt.  Try opening a DOS window<br>
and type "java".  <br>
<br>
Microsoft often includes a JRE called "jview" rather than<br>
"java".  Try opening a DOS window and type "jview".  On Windows 98<br>
the JRE is usually located in c:\windows\jview.exe.<br>
<br>
</template>
</category>
<category>
<pattern>DOES PROGRAM B RUN ON A MAC</pattern>
<template><br>
Yes.  Download the B.zip file and save it in a new folder, called<br>
for example "Alice Program-B".<br>
<br>
Instead of the "winzip" or "unzip" utility use "Aladdin StuffIt Expander."  <br>
The newer version will unzip most MAC formats as well as .ZIP files.  You can<br>
download this at "www.download.com" by searching for it by name.  You can<br>
also select the option that allows it to search only for Mac programs.<br>
Download that and install it, it should do the trick.<br>
<br>
Apple makes its own Java Runtime Environment for the Mac called<br>
MRJ 2.2.  You can download it from http://www.apple.com/java.<br>
<br>
To compile the Java code for Alice on a Mac:<br>
<br>
Download the current zip file for the Alice's Program-B from the Alice site.<br>
<br>
Unzip Program-B and keep it in a folder called "B" on your startup drive and<br>
not on the desktop.<br>
<br>
Download  MRJ SDK 2.2 for Java  from  the Apple site.<br>
<br>
Unstuff MRJ SDK 2.2 and put resulting files into a folder called "MRJSDK".<br>
<br>
Open :MRJSDK:Tools:Application Builders:JBindary  and find the icon for the<br>
JBindary application.<br>
<br>
Open the folder "B" and drag the icon "B.class" out of the folder onto the<br>
JBindary icon.<br>
<br>