s05-04.htm

关于扩频的一些好资料

            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">PN</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码与接收到的信号中的</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码同步，即频率上相同，相位上一致。同步过程一般说来包含两个阶段：</SPAN><SPAN 
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            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(1) </SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">接收机在一开始并不知道对方是否发送了信号，因此，需要有一个搜捕过程，即在一定的频率和时间范围内搜索和捕获用信号。这一阶段也称为起始同步或粗同步，也就是要把对方发来的信号与本地信号在相位之差纳入同步保持范围内，即在</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">PN</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码一个时片内。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(2) </SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一旦完成这一阶段后，则进入跟踪过程，即继续保持同步，不因外界影</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">响而失去同步。也就是说，无论由于何种因素两端的频率和相位发生偏移，同步系统能加以调整，使收发信号仍然保持同步。图</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">5</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">13</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为同步系统搜捕和跟踪原理图。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">&nbsp;<IMG 
            height=203 src="s05-04.files/s5-11.gif" width=450 border=0><O:P> 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">5</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">13<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">接收到的信号经宽带滤波器后，在乘法器中与本地</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码进行相关运算。此时搜捕器件，调整压控钟源，调整</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">PN</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码发生器产生的本地脉序列伪重复频率和相位，以搜捕有用信号。一旦捕获到有用信号后，则起动跟踪器件，由其调整压控钟源，使本地</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码发生器与外来信号保持同步。如果由于采种原因引起失步，则重新开始新的一轮搜捕和跟踪过程。</SPAN></P>
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因此，整个同步过程，是包含搜捕和跟踪两个阶段闭环的自动控制和调整过程。</SPAN></P>
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            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333399">5.4.2<SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">起始同步：搜捕</SPAN><SPAN 
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            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
            </SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">搜捕的作用就是在频率和时间</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">相位</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">)</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不确定的范围内捕获有用的</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码信号使本地</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">PN</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码信号与其同步。由于解扩过程通常都在载波同步之前进行，载波相</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">位在这里是未知的。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大多数搜捕方法都利用非相干检测。所有的搜捕方法的共同特点是用本地信号与收到的信号相乘</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即相关运算</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">)</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，获得二者相似性的量度，并与一门限值相比较，以判断其是否捕获到有用信号。如果确认为捕获到有用信号，则开始跟踪过程，使系统保持同步。否则又开始继续搜捕。</SPAN></P>
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            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下面介绍三种常用的搜捕方法：</SPAN><SPAN 
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            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(1)<SPAN 
            style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
            </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">滑动相关搜捕法</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></B></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当收到的</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">PN</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码序列与本地</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">PN</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码序列的钟频不同时，在示波器上可以看到两个序列在相位上相互滑动。这种滑动动过程就是两个码序列逐位进行相关检测的过程。总有一个时候，两个序列的相位会滑动到一致的时候。如果这时能使滑动停止，则完成了搜捕过程，可以转入跟踪过程，达到系统同步。图</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">5</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">14(a)</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为滑动相关器的方框图。图</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">5</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">14(b)</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为滑动相关器的流程图。</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
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