s05-05.htm

关于扩频的一些好资料

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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对于单频及多频载波干扰，图</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">示出其解扩处理情况。干扰信号被展宽成</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">形状的频谱。经带通滤波器滤除大量干扰。故直扩系统对这类干扰有很好的抗干扰性。多频时为单频时几个干扰信号能量的叠加而已。</SPAN></P>
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对于脉冲干扰，由于能量在时间上相对集中，类似于部分频带干扰时能量在频谱上相对集中，对直扩系统的危害较大。故对这类干扰的抗干扰性较差。</SPAN></P>
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在实际应用中，应根据干扰情况，确定直扩系统的处理增益和其他参数，使之达到可靠通信的程度。</SPAN></P>
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            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333399">5.5.2<SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直扩信号的抗截获性</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">截获敌方信号的目的在于：</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发现敌方信号的存在，</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">确定敌方信号的频率，</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">确定敌方发射机的方向。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">理论分析表明，信号的检测概率与信号能量与噪声功率谱密度之比成正比，与信号的频带宽度成反比。直扩信号正好具有这两方面的优势，它的功率谱密度很低，单位时间内的能量就很小，同时它的频带很宽。因此，它具有很强的抗截获性。</SPAN></P>
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果满足直扩信号在接收机输入端的功率低于或与外来噪声及接收机本身的热噪声功率相比拟的条件、则一般接收机发现不了直扩信号的存在。另外，由于直扩信号的宽频带特性，截获时需要在很宽的频率范围进行搜索和监测，也是困难之一。因此，直扩信号可以用来进行隐藏通信。至于如何发现敌方直扩信号的存在，和弄清楚其参数，即直扩信号的检测与估值问题。</SPAN></P>
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            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333399">5.5.3<SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直扩码分多址通信系统</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多址通信系统指的是许多用户组成的一个通信网，网中任何两个用户都可以通信，而且许多对用户同时通信时互不不扰。应用直扩系统就很容易组成这样</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一个多址通信系统</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">具体的做法是给每一个用户分配一个</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">PN</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码作为地址码。首先，利用直扩信号中</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码的相关特性来区分不同的用户，每个用户只能收到其他用户按其地址码发来的信号，此时自相关特性出现峰值，可以判别出是有用信号。对于其他用户发来的别的信号，因</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码不同时互相关值很小，不会被解扩出来。其次，利用直扩信号中频谱扩展，功率谱密度很低，因此可以有许多用户共用同一宽频带。此时相互之间干扰很小，可以当作噪声处理。另外，每个用户平占用的频宽很窄，相对说来，频谱利用率也是高的。</SPAN></P>
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实现直扩码分多址通信值得注意的问题有：</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一是要选择有优良互相关特性的码。</SPAN><SPAN 
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