demo12_7_16b.cpp

《Windows游戏编程大师技巧（第二版）》源代码

// load the ant bitmaps
Load_Bitmap_File(&bitmap16bit, "ANTIMG24.BMP");

// create master ant
Create_BOB(&ants[0],320,200, 24,24, 9, BOB_ATTR_MULTI_ANIM | BOB_ATTR_VISIBLE, DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,0,16);

// load the ants in 
for (index=0; index < 9; index++)
    Load_Frame_BOB16(&ants[0], &bitmap16bit, index, index, 0, BITMAP_EXTRACT_MODE_CELL);


// set the animations
int ant_anim_up[3]    = {0,1,-1};
int ant_anim_right[3] = {2,3,-1};
int ant_anim_down[3]  = {4,5,-1};
int ant_anim_left[3]  = {6,7,-1};
int ant_anim_dead[2]  = {8,-1};

Load_Animation_BOB(&ants[0],0,2, ant_anim_up);
Load_Animation_BOB(&ants[0],1,2, ant_anim_right);
Load_Animation_BOB(&ants[0],2,2, ant_anim_down);
Load_Animation_BOB(&ants[0],3,2, ant_anim_left);
Load_Animation_BOB(&ants[0],4,2, ant_anim_dead);

Set_Anim_Speed_BOB(&ants[0],3);
Set_Animation_BOB(&ants[0], ANT_ANIM_UP);

// clone the ants
for (index=1; index < NUM_ANTS; index++)
    Clone_BOB(&ants[0], &ants[index]);

// initialize the ants
Init_Ants();

// create the mnm
Create_BOB(&mnm,0,0, 8,8, 1, BOB_ATTR_SINGLE_FRAME | BOB_ATTR_VISIBLE, DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,0,16);

// load the mnm 
Load_Frame_BOB16(&mnm, &bitmap16bit, 0, 1, 141, BITMAP_EXTRACT_MODE_ABS);


// position all the mnms
int num_piles = 3+rand()%3;
int curr_mnm = 0;

for (int piles=0; piles < num_piles; num_piles++)
    {
    // plop down some mnms at the pile position
    int pile_x = 32 + rand()%400;
    int pile_y = rand()%480;

    // compute number of mnms for pile
    int num_mnms_pile = 5 + rand()%15;

    // now find a position for each
    for (index = 0; index < num_mnms_pile; index++)
        {
        // select random position and energy level for mnm
        food[curr_mnm].x = pile_x + rand()%20;
        food[curr_mnm].y = pile_y + rand()%20;
        food[curr_mnm].energy = 600 + rand()%1000;

        // increment total number of mnms thus far
        if (++curr_mnm >= NUM_MNMS)
           break;

        } // end for index

        if (++curr_mnm >= NUM_MNMS)
           break;

      } // end for pile 

// unload ant imagery
Unload_Bitmap_File(&bitmap16bit);

// initialize directinput
DInput_Init();

// acquire the keyboard only
DInput_Init_Keyboard();
DInput_Init_Mouse();

// initilize DirectSound
DSound_Init();

// load background sounds
niceday_sound_id = DSound_Load_WAV("NICEDAY.WAV");

// start the sounds
DSound_Play(niceday_sound_id, DSBPLAY_LOOPING);

// hide the mouse
if (!WINDOWED_APP)
   ShowCursor(FALSE);

// return success
return(1);

} // end Game_Init

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int Game_Shutdown(void *parms)
{
// this function is where you shutdown your game and
// release all resources that you allocated

int index; // looping var

// shut everything down

// kill all the bobs
for (index = 0; index<NUM_ANTS; index++)
    Destroy_BOB(&ants[index]);

// shutdown directdraw last
DDraw_Shutdown();

// now directsound
DSound_Stop_All_Sounds();
DSound_Shutdown();

// shut down directinput
DInput_Shutdown();

// return success
return(1);
} // end Game_Shutdown

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#if 0

// defines for ants
#define NUM_ANTS        16
#define ANT_ANIM_UP      0
#define ANT_ANIM_RIGHT   1
#define ANT_ANIM_DOWN    2
#define ANT_ANIM_LEFT    3

// states of ant
#define ANT_WANDERING             0   // moving around randomly
#define ANT_EATING                1   // at a mnm eating it
#define ANT_RESTING               2   // sleeping :)
#define ANT_SEARCH_FOOD           3   // hungry and searching for food
        #define ANT_SEARCH_FOOD_S1        31  // substate 1
        #define ANT_SEARCH_FOOD_S2        32  // substate 2
#define ANT_COMMUNICATING         4   // talking to another ant  
#define ANT_DEAD                  5   // this guy is dead, got too hungry

#define ANT_INDEX_HUNGER_LEVEL     0
#define ANT_INDEX_HUNGER_TOLERANCE 1 
#define ANT_INDEX_AI_STATE         2
#define ANT_INDEX_AI_SUBSTATE      3
#define ANT_INDEX_DIRECTION        4

#endif


void Init_Ants(void)
{
// this function initializes all the ant positions, states, etc.

int index;

for (index=0; index < NUM_ANTS; index++)
    {
    // set the position of ant
    ants[index].x = rand()%472;
    ants[index].y = rand()%screen_height;

    // set the hunger level and tolerance of this guy
    ants[index].varsI[ANT_INDEX_HUNGER_LEVEL]     = 0;

    // ant will die if hunger level reaches this
    ants[index].varsI[ANT_INDEX_HUNGER_TOLERANCE] = 2000+rand()%2000;  

    // set the ai state of ant
    ants[index].varsI[ANT_INDEX_AI_STATE] = ANT_WANDERING;

    // set last ant talked to as self
    ants[index].varsI[ANT_INDEX_LAST_TALKED_WITH] = index;

    // set how long to wander
    ants[index].counter_1 = RAND_RANGE(150, 300);

    // set direction
    ants[index].varsI[ANT_INDEX_DIRECTION] = RAND_RANGE(ANT_ANIM_UP, ANT_ANIM_LEFT);
    
    // time in that direction
    ants[index].counter_2 = RAND_RANGE(10, 100);

    // start animation
    Set_Animation_BOB(&ants[index], ants[index].varsI[ANT_INDEX_DIRECTION]);

    // init ant memory 
    memset(&ants_mem[index], 0, sizeof(ANT_MEMORY));

    } // end for index

} // end Init_Ants

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void Draw_Ants(void)
{
// this function draws all the ants

int index;

for (index=0; index < NUM_ANTS; index++)
    {
    // draw the image
    ants[index].x-=8; ants[index].y-=8; // center ant
    Draw_BOB16(&ants[index], lpddsback);
    ants[index].x+=8; ants[index].y+=8; // fix center

    // draw a little number above ant
    sprintf(buffer,"%d", index);
    Draw_Text_GDI(buffer,ants[index].x,ants[index].y-16,RGB(0,255,0),lpddsback);

    // animate the ant
    if (ants[index].varsI[ANT_INDEX_AI_STATE] == ANT_WANDERING ||
        ants[index].varsI[ANT_INDEX_AI_STATE] == ANT_SEARCH_FOOD ||
        ants[index].varsI[ANT_INDEX_AI_STATE] == ANT_DEAD)
    Animate_BOB(&ants[index]);

 

    } // end for index

} // end Draw_Ants

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

float Food_Near_Ant(int cell_x, int cell_y)
{
// this functions scan all the food in the universe and tests if any is
// close to ant in this cell, if so the energy level of the food is scaled 
// and summed to the "memory" strength of that particular geographical location
// in the ants memory
// this algorithm is totally inefficient, in real life this was be called only
// once and all the cell based positions would be pre-computed since the mnms never
// move, but this is just to show you how you would do it if they could move...

int index; // looping var

float food_sum = 0; // used to tally up food in cell sector

// is this mnm in the current cell?
for (index = 0; index < NUM_MNMS; index++)
    {
    // is this mnm still there
    if (food[index].energy > 0)
       {
       // compute cell position, this is dumb, but needed if mnms can move, which
       // they could if you give the ants the ability to pick them up :)
       int mnm_x = food[index].x / 30;
       int mnm_y = food[index].y / 30;

       // is this within the same cell
       if (mnm_x == cell_x && mnm_y == cell_y)
          food_sum+=(food[index].energy/5);

       } // end if

    } // end for index

// now send it back 
return(food_sum);

} // end Food_Near_Ant

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int Max_Food_In_Cell(int cell_x, int cell_y, int *food_x, int *food_y)
{
// this function finds the exact location of the mnm with the highest energy in a cell

float max_food = 0;   // used to tally up food in cell sector
int max_food_id = 0; // used to track winner

// is this mnm in the current cell?
for (int index = 0; index < NUM_MNMS; index++)
    {
    // is this mnm still there
    if (food[index].energy > 0)
       {
       // compute cell position, this is dumb, but needed if mnms can move, which
       // they could if you give the ants the ability to pick them up :)
       int mnm_x = food[index].x / 30;
       int mnm_y = food[index].y / 30;

       // is this within the same cell
       if (mnm_x == cell_x && mnm_y == cell_y)
          { 
          // is this higher energy
          if (food[index].energy > max_food)
             {
             // set this as new food
             max_food_id = index;
             max_food = food[index].energy;
             *food_x = food[index].x;
             *food_y = food[index].y;
             } // end if

          } // end if

       } // end if

    } // end for index

// now send it back 
return(max_food_id);

} // end Max_Food_In_Cell

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int Select_State_Rand(int state1, int prob1,            
                      int state2, int prob2,    
                      int state3, int prob3,    
                      int state4, int prob4,    
                      int state5, int prob5,
                      int state6, int prob6)
{
// this function simply selects one of state1...state6 based on the probability
// of each state, if probi is 0 then the state is not considered

int index     = 0,   // looping variable
    curr_elem = 0,   // tracks next entry to place in table
    state_prob[100]; // used to hold generated probability look up

// build probability table
for (index = 0; index < prob1; index++)
    state_prob[curr_elem++] = state1;

for (index = 0; index < prob2; index++)
    state_prob[curr_elem++] = state2;

for (index = 0; index < prob3; index++)
    state_prob[curr_elem++] = state3;

for (index = 0; index < prob4; index++)