prog.cpp

一个Ｃ语言写的用锦标赛方法来做选择算法的智能计算

/***************************************************************/
/* This is a simple genetic algorithm implementation where the */
/* evaluation function takes positive values only and the      */
/* fitness of an individual is the same as the value of the    */
/* objective function                                          */
/***************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#define PI 3.1415926

/* Change any of these parameters to match your needs */

#define POPSIZE 80               /* population size */
#define MAXGENS 5000             /* max. number of generations */
#define NVARS 2                 /* no. of problem variables */
#define PXOVER 0.25               /* probability of crossover */
#define PMUTATION 0.005           /* probability of mutation */
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#define K 20
double Best[2];

int generation;                  /* current generation no. */
int cur_best;                    /* best individual */
FILE *galog;                     /* an output(1) file */
FILE *output;                     /* an output(1) file */

struct genotype /* genotype (GT), a member of the population */
{
  double gene[NVARS];        /* a string of variables */
  double fitness;            /* GT's fitness */
  double upper[NVARS];       /* GT's variables upper bound */
  double lower[NVARS];       /* GT's variables lower bound */
  double rfitness;           /* relative fitness */
  double cfitness;           /* cumulative fitness */
};

struct genotype population[POPSIZE+1];    /* population */
struct genotype newpopulation[POPSIZE+1]; /* new population; */
                                          /* replaces the */
                                          /* old generation */

/* Declaration of procedures used by this genetic algorithm */

void initialize(void);
double randval(double, double);
void evaluate(void);
void keep_the_best(void);
void elitist(void);
void select(void);
void crossover(void);
void Xover(int,int);
void swap(double *, double *);
void mutate(void);
void report(void);

/***************************************************************/
/* Initialization function: Initializes the values of genes    */
/* within the variables bounds. It also initializes (to zero)  */
/* all fitness values for each member of the population. It    */
/* reads upper and lower bounds of each variable from the      */
/* input file `gadata.txt'. It randomly generates values       */
/* between these bounds for each gene of each genotype in the  */
/* population. The format of the input file `gadata.txt' is    */
/* var1_lower_bound var1_upper bound                           */
/* var2_lower_bound var2_upper bound ...                       */
/***************************************************************/

void initialize(void)
{
	FILE *infile;
	int i, j;
	double lbound, ubound;

	if ((infile = fopen("gadata.txt","r"))==NULL)
		  {
		  fprintf(galog,"\nCannot open input file!\n");
		  exit(1);
		  }

	remove("output.dat");
	/* initialize variables within the bounds */

	for (i = 0; i < NVARS; i++)
		  {
		  fscanf(infile, "%lf",&lbound);
		  fscanf(infile, "%lf",&ubound);


		  for (j = 0; j < POPSIZE; j++)
			   {
			   population[j].fitness = 0;
			   population[j].rfitness = 0;
			   population[j].cfitness = 0;
			   population[j].lower[i] = lbound;
			   population[j].upper[i] = ubound;
			   population[j].gene[i]  = randval(population[j].lower[i],
									   population[j].upper[i]);
			   }
		  }

	fclose(infile);
}

	/***********************************************************/
	/* Random value generator: Generates a value within bounds */
	/***********************************************************/

	double randval(double low, double high)
	{
	double val;
	val = ((double)(rand()%1000)/1000.0)*(high - low) + low;
	return(val);
}

/*************************************************************/
/* Evaluation function: This takes a user defined function.  */
/* Each time this is changed, the code has to be recompiled. */
/* The current function is:  x[1]^2-x[1]*x[2]+x[3]           */
/*************************************************************/

void evaluate(void)
{
//if ((output = fopen("output.dat","a"))==NULL)
//      {
//      exit(1);
//      }
int mem;
int i;
double x[NVARS+1];

for (mem = 0; mem < POPSIZE; mem++)
      {
      for (i = 0; i < NVARS; i++)
            x[i+1] = population[mem].gene[i];

	  population[mem].fitness = 21.5+x[1]*sin(4*PI*x[1])+x[2]*sin(20*PI*x[2]);

	  
	/*  if (population[mem].fitness <40 && population[mem].fitness>35)
	  {
		  fprintf(output, "\n%5d,      %6.9f, %6.9f, %6.9f ", generation, 
                                    x[1],x[2],population[mem].fitness);
 	  }*/

      }
//fclose(output);
}

/***************************************************************/
/* Keep_the_best function: This function keeps track of the    */
/* best member of the population. Note that the last entry in  */
/* the array Population holds a copy of the best individual    */
/***************************************************************/

void keep_the_best()
{
int mem;
int i;
cur_best = 0; /* stores the index of the best individual */

for (mem = 0; mem < POPSIZE; mem++)
      {
      if (population[mem].fitness > population[POPSIZE].fitness)
            {
            cur_best = mem;
            population[POPSIZE].fitness = population[mem].fitness;
            }
      }
/* once the best member in the population is found, copy the genes */
for (i = 0; i < NVARS; i++)
      population[POPSIZE].gene[i] = population[cur_best].gene[i];
	
Best[0]=1;
Best[1]=  population[POPSIZE].fitness;
}

/****************************************************************/
/* Elitist function: The best member of the previous generation */
/* is stored as the last in the array. If the best member of    */
/* the current generation is worse then the best member of the  */
/* previous generation, the latter one would replace the worst  */
/* member of the current population                             */
/****************************************************************/

void elitist()
{
int i;
double best, worst;             /* best and worst fitness values */
int best_mem, worst_mem; /* indexes of the best and worst member */

best = population[0].fitness;
worst = population[0].fitness;
for (i = 0; i < POPSIZE - 1; ++i)
      {
      if(population[i].fitness > population[i+1].fitness)
            {      
            if (population[i].fitness >= best)
                  {
                  best = population[i].fitness;
                  best_mem = i;
                  }
            if (population[i+1].fitness <= worst)
                  {
                  worst = population[i+1].fitness;
                  worst_mem = i + 1;
                  }
            }
      else
            {
            if (population[i].fitness <= worst)
                  {
                  worst = population[i].fitness;
                  worst_mem = i;
                  }
            if (population[i+1].fitness >= best)
                  {
                  best = population[i+1].fitness;
                  best_mem = i + 1;
                  }
            }
      }
/* if best individual from the new population is better than */
/* the best individual from the previous population, then    */
/* copy the best from the new population; else replace the   */
/* worst individual from the current population with the     */
/* best one from the previous generation                     */

if (best >= population[POPSIZE].fitness)
    {
    for (i = 0; i < NVARS; i++)
       population[POPSIZE].gene[i] = population[best_mem].gene[i];
    population[POPSIZE].fitness = population[best_mem].fitness;
    }
else
    {
    for (i = 0; i < NVARS; i++)
       population[worst_mem].gene[i] = population[POPSIZE].gene[i];
    population[worst_mem].fitness = population[POPSIZE].fitness;
    } 
if(Best[1]<best)
{
	Best[1]=best;
	Best[0]=generation;
}
}
/**************************************************************/
/* Selection function: Standard proportional selection for    */
/* maximization problems incorporating elitist model - makes  */
/* sure that the best member survives                         */
/**************************************************************/

void select(void)
{
int mem, i, j, k;
double sum = 0;
double p;

/* find total fitness of the population */
for (mem = 0; mem < POPSIZE; mem++)
      {
      sum += population[mem].fitness;
      }

/* calculate relative fitness */