demohop3.m

神经网络学习过程的实例程序

%% A Three Neuron Hopfield Network
% A Hopfield network is designed with target stable points. The behavior of the
% Hopfield network for different initial conditions is studied.
% 
% Copyright 1992-2002 The MathWorks, Inc.
% $Revision: 1.16 $  $Date: 2002/04/14 21:26:58 $

%%
% We would like to obtain a Hopfield network that has the two stable points
% defined by the two target (column) vectors in T.
 T = [+1 +1; ...
      -1 +1; ...
      -1 -1];

%%
% Here is a plot where the stable points are shown at the corners.  All possible
% states of the 2-neuron Hopfield network are contained within the plots
% boundaries.

axis([-1 1 -1 1 -1 1])
set(gca,'box','on'); axis manual;  hold on;
plot3(T(1,:),T(2,:),T(3,:),'r*')
title('Hopfield Network State Space')
xlabel('a(1)');
ylabel('a(2)');
zlabel('a(3)');
view([37.5 30]);

%%
% The function NEWHOP creates Hopfield networks given the stable points T.

net = newhop(T);

%%
% Here we define a random starting point and simulate the Hopfield network for
% 50 steps.  It should reach one of its stable points.

a = {rands(3,1)};
[y,Pf,Af] = sim(net,{1 10},{},a);


%%
% We can make a plot of the Hopfield networks activity.
% 
% Sure enough, the network ends up at a designed stable point in the corner.

record = [cell2mat(a) cell2mat(y)];
start = cell2mat(a);
hold on
plot3(start(1,1),start(2,1),start(3,1),'bx', ...
   record(1,:),record(2,:),record(3,:))


%%
% We repeat the simulation for 25 more randomly generated initial conditions.

color = 'rgbmy';
for i=1:25
   a = {rands(3,1)};
   [y,Pf,Af] = sim(net,{1 10},{},a);
   record=[cell2mat(a) cell2mat(y)];
   start=cell2mat(a);
   plot3(start(1,1),start(2,1),start(3,1),'kx', ...
      record(1,:),record(2,:),record(3,:),color(rem(i,5)+1))
end


%%
% Now we simulate the Hopfield for the following initial conditions, each a
% column vector of P.
%
% These points were exactly between the two target stable points.  The result is
% that they all move into the center of the state space, where an undesired
% stable point exists.

P = [ 1.0  -1.0  -0.5  1.00  1.00  0.0; ...
      0.0   0.0   0.0  0.00  0.00 -0.0; ...
     -1.0   1.0   0.5 -1.01 -1.00  0.0];
cla
plot3(T(1,:),T(2,:),T(3,:),'r*')
color = 'rgbmy';
for i=1:6
   a = {P(:,i)};
   [y,Pf,Af] = sim(net,{1 10},{},a);
   record=[cell2mat(a) cell2mat(y)];
   start=cell2mat(a);
   plot3(start(1,1),start(2,1),start(3,1),'kx', ...
      record(1,:),record(2,:),record(3,:),color(rem(i,5)+1))
end