index-1.htm

prrl 5 programs codes in the book

<H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>9

</FONT><FONT SIZE=5>&nbsp;&nbsp;Using Files</FONT></H2>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#SomeFilesAreStandard" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#SomeFilesAreStandard">

Some Files Are Standard</A>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExampleUsingSTDIN" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#ExampleUsingSTDIN">

Example: Using STDIN</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExampleUsingRedirectiontoChangeSTDINandSTDOUT" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#ExampleUsingRedirectiontoChangeSTDINandSTDOUT">

Example: Using Redirection to Change STDIN and STDOUT</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExampleUsingtheDiamondOperatorltgt" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#ExampleUsingtheDiamondOperatorltgt">

Example: Using the Diamond Operator (&lt;&gt;)</A>

</UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#FileTestOperators" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#FileTestOperators">

File Test Operators</A>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExampleUsingFileTests" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#ExampleUsingFileTests">

Example: Using File Tests</A>

</UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#FileFuNCtionsBR" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#FileFuNCtionsBR">

File FuNCtions<BR>

</A>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExampleOpeningFiles" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#ExampleOpeningFiles">

Example: Opening Files</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExampleBinaryFiles" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#ExampleBinaryFiles">

Example: Binary Files</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExampleGettingFileStatistics" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#ExampleGettingFileStatistics">

Example: Getting File Statistics</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExampleUsingtheDirectoryFuNCtions" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#ExampleUsingtheDirectoryFuNCtions">

Example: Using the Directory FuNCtions</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExamplePrintingRevisited" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#ExamplePrintingRevisited">

Example: Printing Revisited</A>

</UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#Globbing" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#Globbing">

Globbing</A>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExampleAssigningaGlobtoanArray" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#ExampleAssigningaGlobtoanArray">

Example: Assigning a Glob to an Array</A>

</UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#UsingDataStructureswithFiles" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#UsingDataStructureswithFiles">

Using Data Structures with Files</A>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExampleSplittingaRecordintoFields" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#ExampleSplittingaRecordintoFields">

Example: Splitting a Record into Fields</A>

</UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#Summary" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#Summary">

Summary</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ReviewQuestions" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#ReviewQuestions">

Review Questions</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ReviewExercises" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch9.htm#ReviewExercises">

Review Exercises</A>

</UL>



<H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>10

</FONT><FONT SIZE=5>&nbsp;&nbsp;Regular Expressions</FONT></H2>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#PatternDelimiters" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#PatternDelimiters">

Pattern Delimiters</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#TheMatchingOperatorm" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#TheMatchingOperatorm">

The Matching Operator (m//)</A>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#TheMatchingOptions" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#TheMatchingOptions">

The Matching Options</A>

</UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#TheSubstitutionOperators" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#TheSubstitutionOperators">

The Substitution Operator (s///)</A>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#TheSubstitutionOptions" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#TheSubstitutionOptions">

The Substitution Options</A>

</UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#TheTranslationOperatortr" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#TheTranslationOperatortr">

The Translation Operator (tr///)</A>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#TheTranslationOptions" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#TheTranslationOptions">

The Translation Options</A>

</UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#TheBindingOperatorsand" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#TheBindingOperatorsand">

The Binding Operators (=~ and !~)</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#HowtoCreatePatterns" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#HowtoCreatePatterns">

How to Create Patterns</A>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#ExampleCharacterClasses" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#ExampleCharacterClasses">

Example: Character Classes</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#ExampleQuantifiers" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#ExampleQuantifiers">

Example: Quantifiers</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#ExamplePatternMemory" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#ExamplePatternMemory">

Example: Pattern Memory</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#ExamplePatternPrecedeNCe" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#ExamplePatternPrecedeNCe">

Example: Pattern PrecedeNCe</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#ExampleExtensionSyntax" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#ExampleExtensionSyntax">

Example: Extension Syntax</A>

</UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#PatternExamples" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#PatternExamples">

Pattern Examples</A>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#ExampleUsingtheMatchOperator" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#ExampleUsingtheMatchOperator">

Example: Using the Match Operator</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#ExampleUsingtheSubstitutionOperator" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#ExampleUsingtheSubstitutionOperator">

Example: Using the Substitution Operator</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#ExampleUsingtheTranslationOperator" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#ExampleUsingtheTranslationOperator">

Example: Using the Translation Operator</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#ExampleUsingtheISplitIFuNCtion" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#ExampleUsingtheISplitIFuNCtion">

Example: Using the <I>Split()</I> FuNCtion</A>

</UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#Summary" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#Summary">

Summary</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#ReviewQuestions" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#ReviewQuestions">

Review Questions</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch10.htm#ReviewExercises" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch10.htm#ReviewExercises">

Review Exercises</A>

</UL>



<H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>11

</FONT><FONT SIZE=5>&nbsp;&nbsp;Creating Reports</FONT></H2>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch11.htm#WhatsaFormatStatement" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch11.htm#WhatsaFormatStatement">

What's a Format Statement?</A>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch11.htm#ExampleUsingFieldLines" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch11.htm#ExampleUsingFieldLines">

Example: Using Field Lines</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch11.htm#ExampleReportHeadings" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch11.htm#ExampleReportHeadings">

Example: Report Headings</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch11.htm#ExampleUsingFuNCtionsintheValueLine" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch11.htm#ExampleUsingFuNCtionsintheValueLine">

Example: Using FuNCtions in the Value Line</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch11.htm#ExampleChangingFormats" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch11.htm#ExampleChangingFormats">

Example: Changing Formats</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch11.htm#ExampleUsingLongPiecesofTextinReports" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch11.htm#ExampleUsingLongPiecesofTextinReports">

Example: Using Long Pieces of Text in Reports</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch11.htm#ExampleWritingtoaFileInsteadofISTDOUTI" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch11.htm#ExampleWritingtoaFileInsteadofISTDOUTI">

Example: Writing to a File Instead of <I>STDOUT</I></A>

</UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch11.htm#Summary" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch11.htm#Summary">

Summary</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch11.htm#ReviewQuestions" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch11.htm#ReviewQuestions">

Review Questions</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch11.htm#ReviewExercises" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch11.htm#ReviewExercises">

Review Exercises</A>

</UL>



<H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>12

</FONT><FONT SIZE=5>&nbsp;&nbsp;Using Special Variables</FONT></H2>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch12.htm#WhatAretheSpecialVariables" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch12.htm#WhatAretheSpecialVariables">

What Are the Special Variables?</A>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch12.htm#ExampleUsingtheTTFONTSIZEFACECourierDATAFONTTTFONTSIZEFileHandleFONT" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch12.htm#ExampleUsingtheTTFONTSIZEFACECourierDATAFONTTTFONTSIZEFileHandleFONT">

Example: Using the <TT>DATA </TT>File

Handle</FONT></A>

</UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch12.htm#Summary" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch12.htm#Summary">

Summary</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch12.htm#ReviewQuestions" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch12.htm#ReviewQuestions">

Review Questions</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch12.htm#ReviewExercises" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch12.htm#ReviewExercises">

Review Exercises</A>

</UL>



<H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>13

</FONT><FONT SIZE=5>&nbsp;&nbsp;Handling Errors and Signals</FONT></H2>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch13.htm#CheckingforErrors" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch13.htm#CheckingforErrors">

Checking for Errors</A>

<LI><A HREF="ch13.htm#ExampleUsingtheTTFONTSIZEFACECouriererrnoFONTTTFONTSIZEVariableFONT" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch13.htm#ExampleUsingtheTTFONTSIZEFACECouriererrnoFONTTTFONTSIZEVariableFONT">

Example: Using the <TT>errno</TT>

Variable</FONT></A>

<UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch13.htm#ExampleUsingtheTTFONTSIZEFACECourierorFONTTTFONTSIZELogicalOperatorFONT" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch13.htm#ExampleUsingtheTTFONTSIZEFACECourierorFONTTTFONTSIZELogicalOperatorFONT">

Example: Using the <TT>or</TT>

Logical Operator</FONT></A>

<LI><A HREF="ch13.htm#ExampleUsingtheTTFONTSIZEFACECourierdieFONTTTFONTSIZEFuNCtionFONT" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch13.htm#ExampleUsingtheTTFONTSIZEFACECourierdieFONTTTFONTSIZEFuNCtionFONT">

Example: Using the <TT>die()</TT>

FuNCtion</FONT></A>

<LI><A HREF="ch13.htm#ExampleUsingtheTTFONTSIZEFACECourierwarnFONTTTFONTSIZEFuNCtionFONT" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch13.htm#ExampleUsingtheTTFONTSIZEFACECourierwarnFONTTTFONTSIZEFuNCtionFONT">

Example: Using the <TT>warn()</TT>

FuNCtion</FONT></A>

</UL>

<LI><A HREF="ch13.htm#TrappingFatalErrors" tppabs="http://cheminf.nankai.edu.cn/~eb~/Perl%205%20By%20Example/ch13.htm#TrappingFatalErrors">

Trapping Fatal Errors</A>

<UL>