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电气专业设计规范

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>1.6<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>继电保护和二次回路的设计和布置，应当满足电网安全运行的要求，同时也应便于整定、调试和运行维护。</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>1.7<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>为了提高电网的继电保护运行水平，继电保护运行整定人员应当及时总结经验，对继电保护的配置和装置性能等提出改进意见和要求。各网省局继电保护运行管理部门，可根据本规程基本原则制定运行整定的相关细则，以便制造、设计和施工部门有所遵循。</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>1.8<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>对继电保护特殊方式的处理，应经所在单位总工程师批准，并备案说明。</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<P><A NAME="A2"></A>2 继电保护运行整定的基本原则</P>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>2.1<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>3<span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>～</span>110kV<span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>电网的继电保护，应当满足可靠性、选择性、灵敏性及速动性四项基本要求，特殊情况的处理原则见本规程第</span>1.4<span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>条。</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>2.2<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>继电保护的可靠性。</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>2.2.1<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>继电保护的可靠性主要由配置结构合理、质量优良和技术性能满足运行要求的继电保护装置以及符合有关规程要求的运行维护和管理来保证。</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>2.2.2<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>任何电力设备</span>(<span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>电力线路、母线、变压器等</span>)<span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>都不允许无保护运行。运行中的电力设备，一般应有分别作用于不同断路器，且整定值有规定的灵敏系数的两套独立的保护装置作为主保护和后备保护，以确保电力设备的安全。对于不满足上述要求的特殊情况，按本规程第</span>1.8<span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>条的规定处理。</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>2.2.3<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>3<span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>～</span>110kV<span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>电网继电保护一般采用远后备原则，即在临近故障点的断路器处装设的继电保护或该断路器本身拒动时，能由电源侧上一级断路器处的继电保护动作切除故障。</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>2.2.4<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>如果变压器低压侧母线无母线差动保护，电源侧高压线路的继电保护整定值对该低压母线又无足够的灵敏系数时，应按下述原则考虑保护问题。</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>a.<span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如变压器高压侧的过电流保护对该低压母线有规程规定的灵敏系数时，则在变压器的低压侧断路器与高压侧断路器上配置的过电流保护将成为该低压母线的主保护及后备保护。在此种情况下，要求这两套过流保护经不同的直流熔断器供</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>电。</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>b.<span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如变压器高压侧的过电流保护对该低压母线无灵敏系数时，则在变压器的低压侧断路器上应配置两套完全独立的过电流保护作为该低压母线的主保护及后备保护。在此种情况下，要求这两套过流保护接于不同的电流互感器，经不同的直流熔断器供电并分别作用于该低压侧断路器与高压侧断路器</span>(<span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>或变压器各侧断路器</span>)<span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>2.2.5<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>对中低压侧接有并网小电源的变压器，如变压器小电源侧的过电流保护不能在变压器其他侧母线故障时可靠切除故障，则应由小电源并网线的保护装置切除故</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>障。</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>2.2.6<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>对于装有专用母线保护的母线，还应有满足灵敏系数要求的线路或变压器的保护实现对母线的后备保护。</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>2.3<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>继电保护的选择性。</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>2.3.1<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>选择性是指首先由故障设备或线路本身的保护切除故障，当故障设备或线路本身的保护或断路器拒动时，才允许由相邻设备、线路的保护或断路器失灵保护切除故障。为保证选择性，对相邻设备和线路有配合要求的保护和同一保护内有配合要求的两元件，其灵敏系数及动作时间，在一般情况下应相互配合。</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'>2.3.2<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>遇如下情况，允许适当牺牲部分选择性。</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>a.<span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>接入供电变压器的终端线路，无论是一台或多台变压器并列运行</span>(<span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>包括多处</span>T<span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>接供电变压器或供电线路</span>)<span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，都允许线路侧的速动段保护按躲开变压器其他侧母线故障整定。需要时，线路速动段保护可经一短时限动作。</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>b.<span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对串联供电线路，如果按逐级配合的原则将过分延长电源侧保护的动作时间，则可将容量较小的某些中间变电所按</span>T<span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>接变电所或不配合点处理，以减少配合的级数，缩短动作时间。</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>