dlt 621-1997.html

电气专业设计规范

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>为雷电保护装置</span>(<span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>避雷针、避雷线和避雷器等</span>)<span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>向大地泄放雷电流而设的接地。</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal>2.5<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>防静电接地</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>static<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>protective<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>ground<span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>为防止静电对易燃油、天然气贮罐和管道等的危险作用而设的接地。</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal>2.6<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>接地极</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>grounding<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>electrode<span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>埋入地中并直接与大地接触的金属导体，称为接地极。兼作接地极用的直接与大地接触的各种金属构件、金属井管、钢筋混凝土建</span>(<span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>构</span>)<span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>筑物的基础、金属管道和设备等称为自然接地极。</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal>2.7<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>接地线</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>grounding<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>conductor<span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>电气装置、设施的接地端子与接地极连接用的金属导电部分。</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal>2.8<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>接地装置</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>grounding<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>connection<span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>接地线和接地极的总和。</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal>2.9<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>接地网</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>grounding<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>grid<span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>由垂直和水平接地极组成的供发电厂、变电所使用的兼有泄流和均压作用的较大型的水平网状接地装置。</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal>2.10<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>集中接地装置</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>concentrated<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>grounding<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>connection<span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>为加强对雷电流的散流作用、降低对地电位而敷设的附加接地装置，一般敷设</span>3<span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>～</span>5<span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>根垂直接地极。在土壤电阻率较高的地区，则敷设</span>3<span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>～</span>5<span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>根放射形水平接地极。</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal>2.11<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>接地电阻</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>ground<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>resistance<span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>接地极或自然接地极的对地电阻和接地线电阻的总和，称为接地装置的接地电阻。接地电阻的数值等于接地装置对地电压与通过接地极流入地中电流的比值。按通过接地极流入地中工频交流电流求得的电阻，称为工频接地电阻；按通过接地极流入地中冲击电流求得的接地电阻，称为冲击接地电阻。</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal>2.12<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>接地装置对地电位</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>potential<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>of<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>grounding<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>connection<span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>电流经接地装置的接地极流入大地时，接地装置与大地零电位点之间的电位差。</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal>2.13<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>接触电位差</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>touch<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>potential<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>difference<span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>接地短路</span>(<span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>故障</span>)<span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>电流流过接地装置时，大地表面形成分布电位，在地面上离设备水平距离为</span>0.8m<span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>处与设备外壳、架构或墙壁离地面的垂直距离</span>1.8m<span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>处两点间的电位差，称为接触电位差；接地网孔中心对接地网接地极的最大电位差，称为最大接触电位差。</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal>2.14<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>跨步电位差</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>step<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>potential<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span>difference<span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>