sendmail.0

< linux网络编程工具>>配套源码

SENDMAIL(8)                                           SENDMAIL(8)


NNAAMMEE
       sseennddmmaaiill - an electronic mail transport agent

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       sseennddmmaaiill [_f_l_a_g_s] [_a_d_d_r_e_s_s _._._.]
       nneewwaalliiaasseess
       mmaaiillqq [--vv]
       hhoossttssttaatt
       ppuurrggeessttaatt
       ssmmttppdd

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       SSeennddmmaaiill  sends a message to one or more _r_e_c_i_p_i_e_n_t_s_, rout-
       ing the message  over  whatever  networks  are  necessary.
       SSeennddmmaaiill  does  internetwork  forwarding  as  necessary to
       deliver the message to the correct place.

       SSeennddmmaaiill is not intended  as  a  user  interface  routine;
       other  programs provide user-friendly front ends; sseennddmmaaiill
       is used only to deliver pre-formatted messages.

       With no flags, sseennddmmaaiill reads its standard input up to  an
       end-of-file  or a line consisting only of a single dot and
       sends a copy of the message found  there  to  all  of  the
       addresses  listed.   It  determines  the network(s) to use
       based on the syntax and contents of the addresses.

       Local addresses are looked up in a file and aliased appro-
       priately.   Aliasing  can  be  prevented  by preceding the
       address with a backslash.  Beginning with 8.10, the sender
       is included in any alias expansions, e.g., if `john' sends
       to `group', and `group' includes `john' in the  expansion,
       then the letter will also be delivered to `john'.

   PPaarraammeetteerrss
       --BB_t_y_p_e Set  the  body  type to _t_y_p_e.  Current legal values
              are 7BIT or 8BITMIME.

       --bbaa    Go into ARPANET mode.  All  input  lines  must  end
              with  a  CR-LF,  and all messages will be generated
              with a CR-LF at the end.  Also, the  ``From:''  and
              ``Sender:'' fields are examined for the name of the
              sender.

       --bbdd    Run as  a  daemon.   This  requires  Berkeley  IPC.
              SSeennddmmaaiill  will fork and run in background listening
              on socket 25 for incoming SMTP  connections.   This
              is normally run from /etc/rc.

       --bbDD    Same as --bbdd except runs in foreground.

       --bbhh    Print the persistent host status database.

       --bbHH    Purge  expired  entries  from  the  persistent host



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SENDMAIL(8)                                           SENDMAIL(8)


              status database.

       --bbii    Initialize the alias database.

       --bbmm    Deliver mail in the usual way (default).

       --bbpp    Print a listing of the queue.

       --bbss    Use the SMTP protocol as  described  in  RFC821  on
              standard  input  and output.  This flag implies all
              the operations of the --bbaa flag that are  compatible
              with SMTP.

       --bbtt    Run   in   address  test  mode.   This  mode  reads
              addresses and shows the steps  in  parsing;  it  is
              used for debugging configuration tables.

       --bbvv    Verify  names  only  -  do  not  try  to collect or
              deliver a message.  Verify mode  is  normally  used
              for validating users or mailing lists.

       --CC_f_i_l_e Use alternate configuration file.  SSeennddmmaaiill refuses
              to run as root if an alternate  configuration  file
              is specified.

       --dd_X    Set debugging value to _X.

       --FF_f_u_l_l_n_a_m_e
              Set the full name of the sender.

       --ff_n_a_m_e Sets  the  name  of  the ``from'' person (i.e., the
              envelope sender of the  mail).   This  address  may
              also  be used in the From: header if that header is
              missing during initial  submission.   The  envelope
              sender  address is used as the recipient for deliv-
              ery status notifications and may also appear  in  a
              Return-Path:  header.   --ff  should  only be used by
              ``trusted'' users (normally _r_o_o_t, _d_a_e_m_o_n, and  _n_e_t_-
              _w_o_r_k)  or if the person you are trying to become is
              the same as the person you are.  Otherwise,  an  X-
              Authentication-Warning  header will be added to the
              message.

       --GG     Relay (gateway) submission of a message, e.g., when
              rrmmaaiill calls sseennddmmaaiill ..

       --hh_N    Set  the  hop  count to _N.  The hop count is incre-
              mented every time the mail is processed.   When  it
              reaches a limit, the mail is returned with an error
              message, the victim of an aliasing  loop.   If  not
              specified,  ``Received:''  lines in the message are
              counted.

       --ii     Ignore  dots  alone  on  lines  by  themselves   in



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SENDMAIL(8)                                           SENDMAIL(8)


              incoming  messages.   This should be set if you are
              reading data from a file.

       --LL _t_a_g Set the identifier used in syslog messages  to  the
              supplied _t_a_g.

       --NN _d_s_n Set delivery status notification conditions to _d_s_n,
              which can be `never'  for  no  notifications  or  a
              comma  separated list of the values `failure' to be
              notified if delivery failed, `delay' to be notified
              if  delivery  is delayed, and `success' to be noti-
              fied when the message is successfully delivered.

       --nn     Don't do aliasing.

       --OO _o_p_t_i_o_n=_v_a_l_u_e
              Set option _o_p_t_i_o_n to  the  specified  _v_a_l_u_e.   This
              form  uses long names.  See below for more details.

       --oo_x _v_a_l_u_e
              Set option _x to the  specified  _v_a_l_u_e.   This  form
              uses  single character names only.  The short names
              are not described in  this  manual  page;  see  the
              _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l   _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n  _a_n_d  _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n  _G_u_i_d_e  for
              details.

       --pp_p_r_o_t_o_c_o_l
              Set the name of the protocol used  to  receive  the
              message.   This  can be a simple protocol name such
              as ``UUCP'' or a protocol  and  hostname,  such  as
              ``UUCP:ucbvax''.

       --qq[_t_i_m_e]
              Processed  saved  messages  in  the  queue at given
              intervals.  If _t_i_m_e is omitted, process  the  queue
              once.   _T_i_m_e  is given as a tagged number, with `s'
              being seconds, `m' being minutes, `h' being  hours,
              `d'  being days, and `w' being weeks.  For example,
              `-q1h30m' or `-q90m' would both set the timeout  to
              one  hour  thirty  minutes.   If _t_i_m_e is specified,
              sseennddmmaaiill will run in the background.   This  option
              can be used safely with --bbdd.

       --qqII_s_u_b_s_t_r
              Limit  processed jobs to those containing _s_u_b_s_t_r as
              a substring of the queue id.

       --qqRR_s_u_b_s_t_r
              Limit processed jobs to those containing _s_u_b_s_t_r  as
              a substring of one of the recipients.

       --qqSS_s_u_b_s_t_r
              Limit  processed jobs to those containing _s_u_b_s_t_r as
              a substring of the sender.



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SENDMAIL(8)                                           SENDMAIL(8)


       --RR _r_e_t_u_r_n
              Set the amount of the message to be returned if the
              message  bounces.   The  _r_e_t_u_r_n  parameter  can  be
              `full' to return the entire message  or  `hdrs'  to
              return  only  the headers.  In the latter case also
              local bounces return only the headers.

       --rr_n_a_m_e An alternate and obsolete form of the --ff flag.

       --tt     Read message for recipients.  To:,  Cc:,  and  Bcc:
              lines will be scanned for recipient addresses.  The
              Bcc: line will be deleted before transmission.

       --UU     Initial (user) submission.  This should  _a_l_w_a_y_s  be
              set  when  called from a user agent such as MMaaiill or
              eexxmmhh and _n_e_v_e_r be set  when  called  by  a  network
              delivery agent such as rrmmaaiill.

       --VV _e_n_v_i_d
              Set  the  original envelope id.  This is propagated
              across SMTP to servers that  support  DSNs  and  is
              returned in DSN-compliant error messages.

       --vv     Go  into  verbose  mode.   Alias expansions will be
              announced, etc.

       --XX _l_o_g_f_i_l_e
              Log all traffic in and out of mailers in the  indi-
              cated log file.  This should only be used as a last
              resort for debugging mailer bugs.  It  will  log  a
              lot of data very quickly.

       ----     Stop  processing  command flags and use the rest of
              the arguments as addresses.

   OOppttiioonnss
       There are also a number of processing options that may  be
       set.   Normally these will only be used by a system admin-
       istrator.  Options may be set either on the  command  line
       using the --oo flag (for short names), the --OO flag (for long
       names), or in the configuration file.  This is  a  partial
       list limited to those options that are likely to be useful
       on the command line and only shows the long names;  for  a
       complete  list (and details), consult the _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l _I_n_s_t_a_l_-
       _l_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n _G_u_i_d_e.  The options are:

       AliasFile=_f_i_l_e
              Use alternate alias file.

       HoldExpensive
              On mailers that  are  considered  ``expensive''  to
              connect  to,  don't  initiate immediate connection.
              This requires queueing.




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SENDMAIL(8)                                           SENDMAIL(8)


       CheckpointInterval=_N
              Checkpoint the queue file after every _N  successful
              deliveries  (default  10).   This  avoids excessive
              duplicate deliveries when sending to  long  mailing
              lists interrupted by system crashes.

       DeliveryMode=_x
              Set the delivery mode to _x.  Delivery modes are `i'
              for interactive  (synchronous)  delivery,  `b'  for
              background  (asynchronous)  delivery, `q' for queue
              only - i.e., actual delivery is done the next  time
              the  queue  is run, and `d' for deferred - the same
              as `q' except that database lookups for maps  which
              have  set  the -D option (default for the host map)
              are avoided.

       ErrorMode=_x
              Set error processing to mode _x.   Valid  modes  are
              `m'   to  mail  back  the  error  message,  `w'  to
              ``write'' back the error message (or mail  it  back
              if  the  sender is not logged in), `p' to print the
              errors on the terminal (default), `q' to throw away
              error  messages (only exit status is returned), and
              `e' to do special processing for the  BerkNet.   If
              the text of the message is not mailed back by modes
              `m' or `w' and if  the  sender  is  local  to  this
              machine,  a  copy of the message is appended to the
              file _d_e_a_d_._l_e_t_t_e_r in the sender's home directory.