sendmail.8

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.\" Copyright (c) 1998-2000 Sendmail, Inc. and its suppliers.
.\"      All rights reserved.
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1997 Eric P. Allman.  All rights reserved.
.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993
.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" By using this file, you agree to the terms and conditions set
.\" forth in the LICENSE file which can be found at the top level of
.\" the sendmail distribution.
.\"
.\"
.\"     $Id: sendmail.8,v 8.36.8.2 2000/09/07 21:14:00 ca Exp $
.\"
.TH SENDMAIL 8 "$Date: 2000/09/07 21:14:00 $"
.SH NAME
.B sendmail
\- an electronic mail transport agent
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B sendmail
.RI [ flags "] [" "address ..." ]
.br
.B newaliases
.br
.B mailq
.RB [ \-v ]
.br
.B hoststat
.br
.B purgestat
.br
.B smtpd
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Sendmail
sends a message to one or more
.I recipients,
routing the message over whatever networks 
are necessary.
.B Sendmail
does internetwork forwarding as necessary 
to deliver the message to the correct place.
.PP
.B Sendmail
is not intended as a user interface routine; 
other programs provide user-friendly 
front ends;
.B sendmail
is used only to deliver pre-formatted messages.
.PP
With no flags,
.B sendmail
reads its standard input 
up to an end-of-file 
or a line consisting only of a single dot 
and sends a copy of the message found there
to all of the addresses listed.  
It determines the network(s) to use 
based on the syntax and contents of the addresses.
.PP
Local addresses are looked up in a file 
and aliased appropriately.
Aliasing can be prevented by preceding the address 
with a backslash.
Beginning with 8.10, the sender is included in any alias 
expansions, e.g., 
if `john' sends to `group', 
and `group' includes `john' in the expansion, 
then the letter will also be delivered to `john'.
.SS Parameters
.TP
.BI \-B type
Set the body type to
.IR type .
Current legal values are 
7BIT 
or  
8BITMIME.
.TP
.B \-ba
Go into 
ARPANET 
mode.  All input lines must end with a CR-LF, 
and all messages will be generated with a CR-LF at the end.  
Also, 
the ``From:'' and ``Sender:'' 
fields are examined for the name of the sender.
.TP
.B \-bd
Run as a daemon.  This requires Berkeley 
IPC.
.B Sendmail
will fork and run in background 
listening on socket 25 for incoming
SMTP 
connections.  
This is normally run from 
/etc/rc.
.TP
.B \-bD
Same as
.B \-bd
except runs in foreground.
.TP
.B \-bh
Print the persistent host status database.
.TP
.B \-bH
Purge expired entries from the persistent host status database.
.TP
.B \-bi
Initialize the alias database.
.TP
.B \-bm
Deliver mail in the usual way (default).
.TP
.B \-bp
Print a listing of the queue.
.TP
.B \-bs
Use the 
SMTP 
protocol as described in 
RFC821 
on standard input and output.  
This flag implies all the operations of the
.B \-ba
flag that are compatible with 
SMTP.
.TP
.B \-bt
Run in address test mode.  
This mode reads addresses and shows the steps in parsing; 
it is used for debugging configuration tables.
.TP
.B \-bv
Verify names only \- do not try to collect or deliver a message.
Verify mode is normally used for validating 
users or mailing lists.
.TP
.BI \-C file
Use alternate configuration file.
.B Sendmail
refuses to run as root if an alternate configuration file is specified.
.TP
.BI \-d X
Set debugging value to
.IR X .
.ne 1i
.TP
.BI \-F fullname
Set the full name of the sender.
.TP
.BI \-f name
Sets the name of the ``from'' person 
(i.e., the envelope sender of the mail).
This address may also be used in the From: header
if that header is missing during initial submission.
The envelope sender address is used as the recipient
for delivery status notifications
and may also appear in a Return-Path: header.
.B \-f
should only be used 
by ``trusted'' users 
(normally
.IR root ", " daemon ,
and
.IR network )
or if the person you are trying to become 
is the same as the person you are.
Otherwise,
an X-Authentication-Warning header
will be added to the message.
.TP
.BI \-G
Relay (gateway) submission of a message,
e.g., when
.BR rmail
calls
.B sendmail .
.TP
.BI \-h N
Set the hop count to
.IR N .
The hop count is incremented every time the mail is 
processed.
When it reaches a limit, 
the mail is returned with an error message,
the victim of an aliasing loop.  
If not specified, 
``Received:'' lines in the message are counted.
.TP
.B \-i
Ignore dots alone on lines by themselves in incoming messages.
This should be set if you are reading data from a file.
.TP
.BI "\-L " tag
Set the identifier used in syslog messages to the supplied
.IR tag .
.TP
.BI "\-N " dsn
Set delivery status notification conditions to
.IR dsn ,
which can be 
`never' 
for no notifications 
or a comma separated list of the values 
`failure' 
to be notified if delivery failed, 
`delay'
to be notified if delivery is delayed, and 
`success' 
to be notified when the message is successfully delivered.
.TP
.B \-n
Don't do aliasing.
.TP
\fB\-O\fP \fIoption\fR=\fIvalue\fR 
Set option
.I option
to the specified
.IR value .
This form uses long names.  See below for more details.
.TP
.BI \-o "x value"
Set option
.I x
to the specified
.IR value .
This form uses single character names only.  
The short names are not described in this manual page; 
see the
.I "Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide"
for details.
.TP
.BI \-p protocol
Set the name of the protocol used to receive the message.  
This can be a simple protocol name such as ``UUCP'' 
or a protocol and hostname, such as ``UUCP:ucbvax''.
.TP
\fB\-q\fR[\fItime\fR] 
Processed saved messages in the queue at given intervals.  
If
.I time
is omitted, process the queue once.
.I Time
is given as a tagged number, 
with 
`s' 
being seconds, 
`m' 
being minutes, 
`h' 
being hours, 
`d' 
being days, 
and 
`w' 
being weeks.
For example, 
`\-q1h30m' 
or 
`\-q90m' 
would both set the timeout to one hour thirty minutes.
If
.I time
is specified,
.B sendmail
will run in the background.  
This option can be used safely with
.BR \-bd .
.TP
.BI \-qI substr
Limit processed jobs to those containing
.I substr
as a substring of the queue id.
.TP
.BI \-qR substr
Limit processed jobs to those containing
.I substr
as a substring of one of the recipients.
.TP
.BI \-qS substr
Limit processed jobs to those containing
.I substr
as a substring of the sender.
.TP
.BI "\-R " return
Set the amount of the message to be returned 
if the message bounces.
The
.I return
parameter can be 
`full' 
to return the entire message or 
`hdrs' 
to return only the headers.  
In the latter case also local bounces return only the headers.
.TP
.BI \-r name
An alternate and obsolete form of the
.B \-f
flag.
.TP
.B \-t
Read message for recipients.  
To:, Cc:, and Bcc: lines will be scanned for recipient addresses.  
The Bcc: line will be deleted before transmission.
.TP
.B \-U
Initial (user) submission.  This should
.I always
be set when called from a user agent such as
.B Mail
or
.B exmh
and
.I never
be set when called by a network delivery agent such as
.BR rmail .
.TP
.BI "\-V " envid
Set the original envelope id.  
This is propagated across SMTP to servers that support DSNs 
and is returned in DSN-compliant error messages.
.TP
.B \-v
Go into verbose mode.  
Alias expansions will be announced, etc.
.TP
.BI "\-X " logfile
Log all traffic in and out of mailers in the indicated log file.
This should only be used as a last resort 
for debugging mailer bugs.  
It will log a lot of data very quickly.
.TP
.B \-\-
Stop processing command flags and use the rest of the arguments as
addresses.
.SS Options
There are also a number of processing options that may be set.
Normally these will only be used by a system administrator.  
Options may be set either on the command line 
using the
.B \-o
flag (for short names), the
.B \-O
flag (for long names),