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1: Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006 Nov;35(6):432-41.

Cytokine profile in synovial fluid from patients with internal derangement of the
temporomandibular joint: a preliminary study.

Matsumoto K, Honda K, Ohshima M, Yamaguchi Y, Nakajima I, Micke P, Otsuka K.

Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13
Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.

OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) comprise a group of chronic
painful conditions of mastication in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Although 
the association between TMD and internal derangement of the TMJ is well
documented, the functional relevance is still unclear. Increased concentrations
of inflammatory mediators have been identified in the synovial fluid of affected 
patients with TMD, suggesting an underlying degenerative or inflammatory process.
The aim of this study was to generate a comprehensive cytokine expression profile
in TMD. METHODS: 15 samples from patients with internal derangement of TMJ were
analysed using a novel cytokine array that enables the analysis of 79 different
cytokines simultaneously. RESULTS: Cytokine levels were correlated with the
presence of joint effusion (JE) determined by MRI. In the majority of synovial
fluid samples, angiogenin (Ang), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-9, insulin-like
growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8,
inducible protein (IP)-10, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta,
osteoprotegerin (OPG), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2, tissue inhibitor
of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-beta and
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detectable. Furthermore, the
expression levels of Ang, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), FGF-4, FGF-9,
IGFBP-2, IL-8, MIP-1beta, OPG, pulmonary and activation-regulated protein (PARC),
TGF-beta2, TIMP-2 and VEGF were significantly associated with the presence of JE;
among these, nine cytokines (Ang, BDNF, FGF-4, FGF-9, IGFBP-2, MIP-1beta, PARC,
TGF-beta2 and TIMP-2) were hitherto not described in TMD. CONCLUSIONS: This study
confirmed previous reports of elevated cytokine levels in TMD. Additionally, we
identified previously undescribed cytokines that were upregulated and correlated 
significantly with the presence of JE. We were able to identify novel cytokines
that have hitherto not been described in TMD. Strategies targeting the identified
cytokines may represent a novel therapy option in TMD.

PMID: 17082335 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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